我国部分地区猪肉、猪肝二噁英污染状况与风险评估
作者:
作者单位:

深圳市疾病预防控制中心,广东 深圳 518055

作者简介:

吴斌 男 实习研究员 研究方向为食品卫生检测技术 E-mail: binwu88@126.com

通讯作者:

张建清 女 主任医师 研究方向为食品安全 E-mail:969676617@qq.com

中图分类号:

R155

基金项目:

深圳市科技创新委学科布局项目(JCYJ20170413102320786);深圳市医学三名工程项目(SZSM201811070)深圳市医学重点学科建设经费资助(SZXK067)


Analysis and risk assessment of PCDD/Fs level in pork and pork liver from five areas of China
Author:
Affiliation:

Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Shenzhen 518055, China

Fund Project:

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    摘要:

    目的 分析来自A、B、C、D、E五省猪肉、猪肝二噁英污染状况,并针对人群膳食暴露量进行评价,为未来制定国家食品安全二噁英限量标准提供基础数据。方法 于2013年至2019年共采集146份猪肉和猪肝样品,参照国家标准方法《食品中二噁英及其类似物毒性当量的测定》(GB 5009.205—2013),采用同位素稀释的高分辨气相色谱/高分辨双聚焦磁式质谱联用(HRGC/HRMS)技术,对样品中的17种二噁英单体进行准确定量分析检测。根据食物消费量数据,采用点评估方法进行人群膳食暴露量评估。结果 猪肉和猪肝样品中二噁英毒性当量浓度中位数分别是0.106、2.32 pg/g·fat;各地区猪肉二噁英浓度水平以A (0.859 pg/g·fat)>D(0.145 pg/g·fat)>C(0.097 4 pg/g·fat)>B(0.039 9 pg/g·fat)>E(0.023 pg/g·fat)依次降低,猪肝二噁英的浓度水平以A (3.616 pg/g·fat)>B (1.84 pg/g·fat)>D(1.313 pg/g·fat)>E(0.85 pg/g·fat)依次降低。猪肉和猪肝样品中PCDD/Fs的质量浓度单体分布特征相似,均以OCDD为主要优势单体,分别占95%、90%,但猪肉和猪肝TEQ浓度单体分布特征存在差异;不同地区同一类别样品的二噁英单体特征也存在较大差异。五个地区居民通过食用猪肉每月摄入的PCDD/Fs为0.192~2.054 pg/kg·bw/m,低于粮农组织/世界卫生组织食品添加剂联合专家委员会( Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committeeon Food Additives, JECFA)规定的70 pg/kg·bw/m的暂定每月容许摄入量(Provisional tolerable monthly intake, PTMI )。结论 我国部分地区市售猪肉及猪肝样品存在一定程度的二噁英污染;经济发达地区猪肉、猪肝样品中二噁英的浓度水平较高,存在明显的空间差异;总体来看居民经猪肉摄入的二噁英暴露风险较小。下一步应持续开展重点食品中二噁英污染水平的监测工作,并针对高暴露地区人群开展二噁英及其类似物的总膳食暴露评估,以更好地保障畜肉类食品安全和人体健康。

    Abstract:

    Objective To analyze the levels of dioxin contamination in pork and pork liver from five provinces of China: A, B, C, D, and E, and evaluate the dietary exposure of the population, aiming to provide fundamental data for the future formulation of national limit standards of PCDD/Fs.Methods A total of 146 pork and pork liver samples were collected during 2013 to 2019. According to the national standard method "Determination of Toxicity Equivalent of Dioxins and Analogues in Foods" (GB 5009.205-2013), 17 polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin/furans (PCDD/Fs) in food samples were detected by isotope dilution chromatography/high resolution dual-focusing magnetic mass spectrometry (HRGC/HRMS). Based on the food consumption data, the dietary exposure via pork for the population was assessed.Results The median TEQ concentration of dioxin in pork and pork liver samples was 0.106 pg/g·fat and 2.32 pg/g·fat, respectively. The concentration of PCDD/Fs in pork in various regions were sequentially decreased by A (0.859 pg/g·fat)>D(0.145 pg/g·fat)>C(0.097 4 pg/g·fat)>B(0.039 9 pg/g·fat)>E(0.023 pg/g·fat), and the decreased order of PCDD/F levels in pork liver samples from various regions was A (3.616 pg/g·fat)>B (1.84 pg/g·fat)>D(1.313 pg/g·fat)>E(0.85 pg/g·fat). The patterns for 17 congeners of PCDD/Fs in pork and pork liver samples were similar and OCDD was the dominant congener, accounting for 95% and 90% of the total mass concentrations, respectively. As for the TEQ concentrations, the congener patterns of PCDD/Fs in pork and pork liver samples were inconsistent. In addition, it also varied greatly in the congener patterns of PCDD/Fs for the same class of food samples from different regions. The median intakes of PCDD/Fs via pork for local residents in the five regions ranged from 0.192 to 2.054 pg/kg·bw/month, which were all lower than the PTMI value recommended by JECFA (70 pg/kg·bw/m).Conclusion PCDD/Fs contamination in pork and pork liver existed in some areas of China. Spatial difference in PCDD/F levels was observed among the five areas and higher levels of PCDD/Fs for pork existed in developed areas . Residents showed low risk of dioxin exposure via pork intake overall. It is necessary to take long-term monitoring on the levels of PCDD/Fs in retailed food covered the larger area in China, and comprehensive exposure assessments of dioxins from various food categories should be further carried out to ensure the food safety of livestock and human health in the future.

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吴斌,张高强,蒋友胜,周健,刘源,林晓仕,彭金铃,李云秀,张建清.我国部分地区猪肉、猪肝二噁英污染状况与风险评估[J].中国食品卫生杂志,2022,34(2):327-333.

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  • 收稿日期:2021-06-25
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  • 在线发布日期: 2022-05-18
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