After the Food Safety Law was released, the mandatory food codes of hygienic practices were being revised and the internationally accepted concept of “microbial monitoring” was introduced, which would strengthen the management of the production environment and process control, and embody the principle of prevention. This paper summarized the background, function and requirements of microbiological monitoring in domestic and foreign food laws and regulations, analyzed and discussed the microbial monitoring requirements and consideration in the national food safety standards. The suggestions for implementation were discussed.