Objective To understand the trend of vegetable consumption among Chinese adults from 1991 to 2018, and the factors affecting vegetable consumption, to provide a scientific basis for guiding rational vegetable consumption. Methods The data for analyzing of trends in vegetable consumption among Chinese adults from 1991 to 2018 were obtained from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) conducted in 1991, 2000, 2011, and 2018. The survey included a total of 36,571 participants. Information on vegetable consumption was collected using a 3-day 24-hour dietary recall method, and the average daily vegetable consumption per individual (g/d) was calculated. Descriptive analysis and trend tests were used to describe and analyze changes trends in vegetable consumption over the years. In addition, a quantitative regression analysis was conducted in 2018 to identify factors influencing vegetable consumption among Chinese adults. Results Vegetable consumption among adult residents in China has shown a downward trend. Average vegetable consumption decreased from 345.3g/d in 1991 to 265.0g/d in 2018 (P<0.05). Similarly, the median vegetable consumption decreased from 315.8g/d in 1991 to 242.6g/d in 2018 (P<0.05). The proportion of dark vegetables in total vegetable consumption decreased from 23.5% in 1991 to 21.3% in 2018 (P<0.05). The proportion of daily vegetable consumption reaching the minimum recommended intake of Chinese residents (300g/d) decreased from 53.8% in 1991 to 34.7% in 2018 (P<0.05). Age, gender, and place of residence were important factors affecting vegetable consumption among Chinese adults. Conclusion From 1991 to 2018, vegetable consumption among Chinese adults showed a decreasing trend, especially in the consumption of dark vegetables. Individuals aged 18-44, females, and urban residents had lower vegetable intake. To address this issue, it is recommended that targeted initiatives be implemented to increase vegetable consumption among different population groups.