Abstract:Objective To explore the potential estrogen-like activity of GH (growth hormone) gene in transgenic carp. Method Uterotropic assay was used. Nineteen-day-old immature female rats were randomly divided into 6 groups: using corn oil 5ml /(kg BW?d) in vehicle control group, parental carp meal 3 g/(kg BW?d) in counterpart control group, GH gene transgenic carp meal 3 g/(kg BW?d) in transgenic carp group, oral administration with 1μg /(kg BW?d) in oral low E₂ group, oral administration with E₂ 3μg/(kg BW?d) in oral high E₂ group, and hypodermic injection with E₂ 3μg /(kg BW?d) in hypoderm high E₂ group. All animal groups were given related test substances for 3 days (from the postnatal day 19 to day 21). The wet and dry weights of uterus were measured and the histopathological changes of uterus, ovary and vagina were examined by the end of the test. In addition, morphometric measurement of endometrial epithelium was conducted for quantitative comparison. Results Comparing with the vehicle control group, significant differences for wet and dry weights of uterus were observed in oral high E₂ group and hypoderm high E₂ group (P＜0.05), and no significant difference was observed in other groups. Conclusion No estrogenic effect of GH gene transgenic carp was shown in uterotropic assay.

Abstract:Objective To establish a PCR- DHPLC (polymerase chain reaction-denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography) method for the detection of five foodborne pathogenic bacteria (Salmonella spp., Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Listeria monocytogenes). Method The primer sets for the conserved region of 16S rRNA gene were designed and used for PCR amplification. PCR products were detected by DHPLC, and the sensitivity and specificity of this method were tested as well. Results The five PCR products were shown as specific peak profiles with the retention time of 7 min at an oven temperature of 61.4°C. The detection limits of Salmonella spp., Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and Listeria monocytogenes were 5-10 CFU/ml, while that of Shigella flexneri and Escherichia coli O157:H7 were 1-5 CFU/ml. All 83 target bacteria isolates tested were correctly identified and all 38 non-target strains tested were negative. The five pathogens in artificially contaminated food samples were also correctly identified by this method. Conclusion The PCR-DHPLC method was specific and sensitive for the detection of these five bacterial pathogens and could be used for quickly detecting a large number of samples.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the inorganic arsenic exposure of rural residents around a metal smeltry in Guang Xi Province and conduct a health risk assessment to provide basis for the prevention and control of chronic arsenic risks. Method Rice, vegetable, chicken and duck samples planted and fed around a metal smeltry in Guangxi were collected. The samples were analyzed by GB/T 5009.11 (the test method for total arsenic and inorganic arsenic in food). The exposure of inorganic arsenic was calculated by the dietary intake of local people (by food frequency method). The risk assessment of dietary inorganic arsenic was based on the provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) of inorganic arsenic (0.015mg/（kgBW?week）) proposed by JECFA to calculate the acceptable daily intake (ADI) of inorganic arsenic per standard person (0.129mg/d). Results The exceeding standard rate of total inorganic arsenic in local agricultural products was 60.29%, the exceeding standard rate of rice was up to 87.10%, with an average of 0.65 mg/kg, the maximum was 15.5 times of the standard; the exceeding standard rate of vegetable was 68.42%, with an average of 0.16 mg/kg; the exceeding standard rate of poultry was 54.76%. The average daily dietary intake, the 90^th and the 97.5^th percentile of inorganic arsenic intake per standard person per day were 0.2149 mg, 0.390mg and 0.4642mg respectively, which were 1.66, 3.02, 3.6 times of ADI for inorganic arsenic proposed by JECFA. Conclusion The agricultural products in local village around the smeltry were badly polluted by inorganic arsenic. The inorganic arsenic exposure of local residents, especially in high consumption people, is obviously higher than the ADI value. Health risks were existed in that mine area.

Abstract:In order to guide the standardized development of commercial rice wine production in rural areas for the health of consumers and keeping the traditional craft inherited for thousands of years. Under the guidance of HACCP, making a specific hazard analysis for each part of rice wine production and sale process; determining the critical control points for the health supervision in the rice wine production and sale process, and developing a corresponding "Three-dimensional Integration" (integrating self-control of manufacturing and vending, supervision of health supervisory staffs, and the control of broad masses as a whole) health monitoring measures and correcting measures to provide references for effectively preventing and reducing the occurrence of risk factors in the process of production and sale of rice wine.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the causation for exceeding hygienic standard of aerobic bacterial count in cold drinks. Method Simulating temperature fluctuations in the process of stockpiling and transporting cold drinks; and simulating a rather high temperature of preparing raw materials in workshop. Aerobic bacterial counts of three cold drinks named vanilla ice cream bar, mungbean ice cream bar and pineapple ice lolly bought from market or self-made were detected on different steps of operation. The Gompertz model was used to describe the growth rate of bacteria. Results The propagation of microorganisms in cold drinks was not significant at temperatures fluctuating between -18～4℃ in a short period of time if the initial bacterial counts were rather low. If the raw materials were exposed to 30℃ for more than 7h, the aerobic bacterial counts would exceed the hygienic standards or reach to a rather high level. Gompertz model is well fit for predicting the propagation trend of microorganism in ice cream bars at these circumstances. Conclusion The aerobic bacterial count exceeding hygiene standards in cold drinks is mainly due to bad hygienic circumstance in the workshop instead of the temperature fluctuating in the process of stockpiling and transporting.

Abstract:The Delaney Clause in the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act of the United States indicates that “no additive shall be deemed safe if it is found to induce cancer when ingested by man or animal, or if it is found, after tests which are appropriate for the evaluation of the safety of food additive, to induce cancer in man or animal”. The clause is an example of “zero risk” criteria in food safety policy, which is responsible for confusing regulation of pesticide residues and food additives and leading to sharp conflict all over the world for 50 years. It greatly inspires us that: the “negligible risk” policy should be adopted for our food safety policy; food standard should be set at levels that balancing the needs of protecting consumer’s health against the needs for an adequate, wholesome and economical food supply according to risk and benefit assessment; “zero risk” food can hardly be existed; the food recall system should be strengthened and food safety policy should be based on science, not emotion.

Abstract:Objective In order to assess the testing level and promote the capability of our laboratory，we participated in an evaluation test conducted by the External Quality Assurance System of Global Foodborne Infections Network (GFN EQAS) in 2009. Method Seventeen strains of blind samples were tested on antimicrobial susceptibility, serotyping and strain identification by micro-dilution, slide agglutination and 16S rDNA identification, respectively. Results There were partial deviations on the results of drug susceptibility. The detection on ESBLs（Extended Spetrum β-Lactamase） and serotyping were absolutely correct but the identification of unknown enteric bacteria was wrong. Conclusion The facts indicated that the recovery and identification of bacteria, and the interpretation on the susceptibility of individual drugs needed to be improved.

Abstract:Objective Using two methods of Salmonella in animal derived foods were detected, to find a more rapid, sensitive, specific, simple testing method. Method Collected from 60 commercial poultry, livestock and other raw meat and 60 dairy products, respectively using loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP)method and the national standard method GB/T 4789.4—2008 to separate and identify of Salmonella. Results In the 120 samples , LAMP method detected two cases, the positive rate of 1.67%; national standard method detected one case, the positive rate of 0.83%. LAMP method of compliance was 99.2%, a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 99.2%. Conclusion LAMP detection method is rapid, specific, simple. This method and the positive rate of national standard was no significant difference.

Abstract:Objective To establish a capillary electrophoresis method for detecting the content of β-lacto globulin in dairy products. Method Samples were handled with buffers; an uncoated neutral capillary column in the diameter of 70 μm and the effective length of 600 mm was used. The samples were detected under the condition of capillary temperature at 40℃; citric acid buffer solution at pH 3.0 ± 0.2, operating voltage at 27 kV, detection wavelength at 214 nm, and injection time for 5 s. Results The average recovery was 75.2%–105.2% and the relative standard deviation (RSD) was 1.09%–3.10% for β-lacto globulin. The detection limit was 0.001mg/ml. Conclusion The method is simple, accurate and sensitive. It is suitable for fast screening and quantitative monitoring β-lacto globulin in dairy products.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the microwave digestion-graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry for the determination of lead and cadmium in contaminated foods. Method Using microwave digestion technique, under the conditions of step elevating temperature and heating power, food samples were decomposed completely by nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide; then the lead and cadmium were determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Results There is a good linear relationship at the concentration of 0–20.0μg/L for lead and at 0–10.0μg/L for cadmium; the correlation coefficient of lead is 0.9995 and that of cadmium is 0.9997; the detection limit is 5.0μg/kg for lead and is 0.10μg/kg for cadmium; The relative standard deviation for lead is less than 5.4%, and that for cadmium is less than 7.8%; the recovery for lead is 90.0%–105.0%, and that for cadmium is 90.0%–105.0%. The pass rates for lead in 240 food samples in four categories, including rice (flour), liver (pig kidney), aquatic products and dried mushroom, were 86.5%, 77.5%, 81.5% and 87.5%, respectively; and that for cadmium were 82.0%, 76.5%, 90.0% and 88.0%, respectively. Conclusion The method can meet the requirements for the analysis of lead and cadmium in contaminated foods.

Abstract:Vitamin and mineral supplements are intended to supply vitamins and minerals that is deficient in daily diet, but not to supply energy. The function of vitamin and mineral supplements are to prevent nutrition deficiency and to reduce the risk of chronic degenerative diseases. Reviewed and discussed regulatory policies on raw material compounds and auxiliary materials, labeled amounts and content ranges in enterprise standards of vitamin and mineral supplement.

Abstract:In regular supervisions, certain problems concerning supervision responsibility were encountered on not using iodized salt in food processing in a canteen of senior high middle school. The reflections and discussions in this paper aim at exploring an effective way and pattern for supervising edible salt, deracinating the circulation and consumption of unqualified salt, and decreasing endemic diseases.

Abstract:Objective To study the double challenges of food safety on the supervision of food nutrition and food hygiene, and to provide a reference for policy and regulation construction.Method Through the scientific analyzing the deficiency of nutrition and food safety regulations and the importance of food safety and balanced diets, the great significance and effects of the double challenges of nutrition and hygiene in food safety supervision were demonstrated. Results The Food Safety Law of the People’s Republic of China is limited, and food safety includes the problems of food hygiene and nutrition, furthermore, a variety of appropriate amount of balanced diets can prevent many food safety problems.Conclusion The nutrition and hygiene of food belong to the field of food safety, we should make use of law effect and the government conduct to protect the food safety in our country.

Abstract:Objective To investigate and identify the contamination of main foodborne pathogenic bacteria and the kind of high-risk foods and to provide scientific basis for prevention and control of foodborne diseases in Jiangsu Province. Methods Based on the standard operation procedures in the handbook of National Surveillance on Foodborne Pathogenic Bacteria, 3865 food samples from 13 cities in Jiangsu Province from 2006 to 2009 were collected and analyzed for the occurrence of Salmonella, Listeria monocytogenes, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Staphylococcus aureus, Campylobacter jejuni and Escherichia coli O157 in foods. Results Of the 3865 food samples tested, 490 (12.68%) pathogenic strains were isolated. The positive rate of foodborne bacterial pathogens in raw meat, raw milk, aquatic products, quick-frozen flour and rice products, cooked meat, cakes and vegetable salad were 27.93% (242/814), 18.87% (10/53), 17.49% (89/509), 16.18% (56/346), 9.24% (56/606), 4.79% (7/146) and 0.98% (5/509), respectively. The positive rate of foodborne bacterias from 2006 to 2009 was 16.92%, 14.05%, 15.32%, 7.06%, respectively. Among the 13 cities, the positive rate in Taizhou, Nanjing, Yangzhou and Xuzhou were higher in comparison with other cities. Conclusion Raw meat, raw milk and aquatic food products are the main kinds of food contaminated by foodborne pathogens in Jiangsu province. As the ready-to-eat food, such as cooked meat, aquatic products eaten in raw and cakes are at higher risks for causing foodborne diseases.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the occurrence of foodborne pathogenic bacteria in retail foods in Daxing, Beijing. Method From 2006 to 2008, ten kinds of retail food samples were collected from Daxing and analyzed for the presence of Salmonella, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytegenes, Campylobacter and Vibrio parahemolyticus. Results Of the 560 samples tested, 67 (11.96%) were positive for foodborne pathogenic bacteria. A high prevalence of 30.67% (23/75) was shown in raw milk, followed by 15.29% (39/255) in meat products, 5.45%（3/55）in aquatic products and 2.67% (2/75) in cooked meat. The positive rate for S. aureus was the highest (6.79%, 38/560), followed by that for L. monocytogenes (3.57%, 20/560) and Salmonella (1.61%, 9/560). None of E. coli O157:H7, Campylobacter and V. parahemolyticus were detected in any samples tested. Conclusion Foodborne pathogenic bacteria were frequently found in retail foods in Daxing. Raw milk, meat products, aquatic products and cooked meat were at higher risk to cause foodborne diseases.

Abstract:Objective To analyze the contamination of food polluted by foodborne pathogens in Jiaxing city. Methods A total of 275 food samples were collected and detected for Salmonella, Staphylococcus aureus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli O157：H7（E.coli O157：H7）. Results The Overall positive rate was 45.3% in 75 frozen raw meats and aquatic products; and 6 strains of Salmonella, 12 strains of Listeria monocytogenes, 4 strains of Staphylococcus aureus and 18 strains of V.parahaemolyticus were isolated. E.coli O157：H7 was not isolated. The positive rate in 200 instant food samples is 3.0%, and the main food-borne pathogen was Staphylococcus aureus. Conclusion: The main items of food contaminated by food-borne pathogens in Jiaxing city were frozen raw meats and seawater fish. The main foodborne pathogens were Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Listeria monocytogenes.

Abstract:Objective To understand the sanitary status of catering industries in Anyang City. Method The sanitary quality of tablewares, raw materials, utensils for preparing foods and the sanitary quality of instant cold dishes sampled from catering industries in 2008–2009 were monitored and analyzed. Results The qualified rate of tablewares was 61.3%；that of raw materials for preparing foods was 90.1%, cold dishes was 50.3% and that of appliances in the room for preparing cold dishes was 43.1%, Conclusion The qualified rate of part indicators in the monitored catering industries was low in Anyang City. Strengthening supervision and management and improving sanitary status in catering industries is needed.

Abstract:Objective To understand the pollution situation of all type of coliform group in the public tableware(drinkware) to provide scientific basis for taking effective measures to prevent the pollution in tableware(drinkware). Method The pollution situation of coliform in public tableware(drinkware) in 2009 were analyzed, and 200 strains of coliform were identified by genotyping. Results Total of 4091,public tableware(drinkware) in 2009, detected a qualified 3498, with a qualification rate of 85.5%. In 200 strains of coliform, 107 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae were detected, accounted for 53.5%; E. cloacae 46, 23.0%; Frau Dietrich Citrobacter 29, 14.5%; Escherichia coli 18, 9.0%. Conclusion Klebsiella pneumoniae is the main cause of public tableware(drinkware) contamination.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the current situation of aluminum contamination in foods caused by using aluminium potassium sulfate (aluminum ammonium sulfate) in food processing，and to provide basic data for determining the level of contamination. Methods After drying and ashing samples and making the sample solution to a constant volume, the levels of aluminum were determined with chrome azurol S by spectrophotometry. The residues of aluminum were calculated as the content of aluminum in dry samples. Results A total of 194 samples were determined, the contents of aluminum are in the range of <5.00-10522 mg/kg, and the rate of samples exceeding hygienic standard is 45.4%. Conclusion Problems of aluminum contamination in deep-fried dough cake, deep-fried dough sticks, vermicelli noodles, vermicelli sheets and jelly fish were existed, and high attention should be paid by food regulatory authorities and consumers.

Abstract:Objective To find out the situation of cold chain in food circulation in Hongkou district. Method Investigating the cold chain facilities and the administration of hypermarkets, chain supermarkets and fair trade markets in Hongkou district. Results Cold chain facilities for transporting and storing foods in food enterprises are simple and crude. The problems of storing and selling perishable food are serious. Conclusion Increasing input, setting up uniformed and comprehensive standards, enhancing supervision and guiding the application of cold chain in food circulation are necessary.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the situation of drugs added illegally into health foods with three functions in our country. Method A total of 166 samples collected from the national surveillance work on health food products in 2008 were detected by UPLC-Ms/Ms (Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatograph–Mass Spectrometry). Results The overall detection rate of illegal drugs was 14.5%, and the positive rates were different significantly in six provinces. The detection rate of illegal drugs in capsule samples（33.3%）was higher than those in other sample forms. The ratio of samples combined in using drugs was 45.8% in total positive samples. Conclusion Situation of illegal drugs used in health foods was very serious, especially in certain provinces. Combining use of drugs in health food products should be concerned by food hygiene supervision departments.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the situation and trend of drugs added illegally into weight-losing foods in our country. Method Fifteen chemical drugs in 377 samples collected from the national surveillance works on health-related products in 2005–2008 were detected by UPLC-Ms/Ms (Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry). Results The detection rate of illegal drugs in all samples was 33.4%, and was decreased from 2005 to 2008. The detection rate of illegal drugs in capsule samples （57.8%）was higher than other forms. The detection rate of sibutramine was decreasing while that of phenolphthalein was increasing. The samples in combining use of drugs accounted for 41.7% of total positive samples in 2008. Conclusion The situation of using illegal drugs in weight-losing foods was still very serious in the whole country. Much more attention should be paid by food hygiene supervision departments on combined drugs used in weight-losing products.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the prevalence of food allergies in Shunyi district,and provide the basis for the development of interventions. Method Sampling seven primary of Grades 1-5 students in cluster, and their parents or guardians were asked to complete the questionnaire provided by the The Europrevall project Commission (Chinese version). Results A total of 4,724 valid questionnaires were received. Private prosecution rate was 8.2% of food allergy, mango, shrimp, peaches, milk and dairy products, mutton, fish, crab, egg-based reporting trips were the main allergic food. The main symptoms of allergy to the skin rash, itching, diarrhea or vomiting (other than food poisoning), mouth, lips or throat are itching, tingling or swelling, the ratio of total number of private prosecution allergy were 51.0%, 33.2%, 31.2%; Private prosecution food allergy accounts for 10.8% of students had allergic rhinitis, 5.4% had a history of wheezing, 48.7% had skin rash. Conclusion Food allergy has gradually become one of the common chronic disease of children, early diagnosis and avoid eating food allergens is essential.

Abstract:Based on the importance of Proficiency Testing (PT) in Sanitary Physical and Chemical Laboratories, the activities on the Proficiency Testing for Sanitary Physical and Chemical analysis in China recently were reviewed, including the practice of organizing and designing schemes, identifying items, preparing samples and analyzing statistical results, and the current laws and existed problems in PT.

Abstract:Diisobutyl phthalate (DiBP) is a special plasticiser often used in plastic industries, which might be migrated directly from packaging materials to food or migrated to environment through plastic products containing this material to make the air, water and soil polluted. Exposure to DiBP is in different ways including breathing, eating and contacting with skin to risk human health. The latest progress on the toxicological studies of DiBP was reviewed in this paper for providing references.

Abstract:Many investigations showed that a certain amount of antibiotics was left over in various animal foods. Widespread attention has been paid to the potential risks of antibiotic residues (long-term, low dose) on human intestinal flora. The main cause of antibiotic residues left over in food; the potential impacts of antibiotic residues on human intestinal flora and the regulatory approach of microbiologic ADI in the safety assessment of antibiotic residues in international agencies were described in this review.