The elaboration of microbiological criteria is not only at the request of food safety control of final products but also widely used to verify the effectiveness of the critical control point in the HACCP system. Based on the analysis of the inconsistence in place between national and international practice in the areas of the microbiological sampling plan, testing methods and the setup of the microbiological criteria, the text provides recommendations for the improvement of Chinese national microbiological standards, taking Codex principle for the elaboration of microbiological criteria as necessary reference.