Volume 37,2025 Issue 2

Nutrition Legislation for Healthy China Initiative

• Exploration on promoting nutrition legislation in China

  XIE Lin, WANG Yongting, WANG Feimin

  2025,37(2):107-114, DOI: 10.13590/j.cjfh.2025.02.001

  Abstract: (23) HTML (5) PDF (584.39 KKB)(42)

  Abstract:

  With the growing popularity of emerging products such as pre-made meals and the development of emerging industries like the health sector， people’s daily intake have become more diversified. The existing nutrition legislation is unable to meet the growing nutritional improvement needs of residents. Current nutrition related legislation is characterized by fragmented distribution， deficiencies in implementation tools and management coordination， and a lack of specialized rules for nutrition experts and nutrition standards， resulting in insufficient protection of the nutritional needs of the population. It is of great importance to improve residents’ nutrition legislation in our country as soon as possible， and to clarify the nutritional protection of vulnerable groups’ new needs， emerging food forms， and emerging industries related to nutrition through legislation.

Study Reports

• Study on the combined neurotoxicity of propiconazole and four other common residual pesticides in citrus fruits

  WANG Ping, KANG Yi, ZHOU Hongyuan, MA Liang, ZHANG Yuhao, BAI Yamin

  2025,37(2):115-123, DOI: 10.13590/j.cjfh.2025.02.002

  Abstract: (16) HTML (8) PDF (2.66 MKB)(44)

  Abstract:

  Objective Exploring the neurotoxic effects of combined exposure to commonly detected pesticide residues in citrus， including profenofos （PFF） ，avermectin （ABM）， difenoconazole （DIF）， bifenthrin （BIF）， and imidacloprid （IMI）， respectively， on Caenorhabditis elegans.Methods Wild type N2 and transgenic EG1285 （unc-47：：GFP） C. elegans were exposed to mycotoxins in the liquid environment for 24-72 h， and the body length inhibition rates of five pesticides were measured. Based on the single toxic effect， low， medium and high （1/10 EC₅₀， 1/2 EC₅₀， EC₅₀） dose groups were designed to investigate the effects of PFF mixed with four other pesticides， respectively. On the motility behavior of C. elegans， followed by using Chou-Talalay model to analyze the type of combined toxicity. Finally， a combined neurotoxicity study was conducted on the PFF-ABM mixture which showing the significantly synergistic effects to further explore its effects on the chemotaxis， predation rate， ATP and GABA levels and GABAergic neurons.Results The toxic effects of the five pesticides on the body length of nematodes （24 h） were in the order of ABM （EC₅₀=0.015 μg/mL）>PFF （EC₅₀=0.458 μg/mL）>DIF （EC₅₀=10.585 μg/mL）>IMI （EC₅₀=39.981 μg/mL）>BIF （EC₅₀=46.623 μg/mL）. The results of the combined toxicity effects of pesticide mixtures showed that all pesticide combination treatment groups had inhibitory effects on the motility behavior of C. elegans. The combined toxic effects of PFF-DIF， PFF-BIF and PFF-IMI were synergistic at low concentrations whereas antagonistic at high concentrations. However， the combined toxic effect of PFF-ABM was synergistic at all the tested concentration. The ATP and GABA levels of C. elegans in the medium and high-dose groups of PFF-ABM were significantly lower than those in the PFF and ABM groups alone （P<0.05）. In the experiment of neuronal developmental damage， the fluorescence intensity of GABAergic neurons in transgenic C. elegans in the high-dose group of PFF-ABM decreased by 43.38% and 33.20%， respectively， compared to the PFF and ABM alone groups.Conclusion The combined neurotoxic effects of PFF and ABM mixture was synergistic and the combined neurotoxic effects of the mixtures with the other three pesticides showed a trend of shifting from synergistic to antagonistic effects with the increasing exposure concentration. PFF-ABM combined exposure induced synergistic effects by reducing the ATP and GABA levels and damaging GABAergic neurons in nematodes.

• Pathogenic characteristics of Vibrio parahaemolyticus O10:K4 in Guangdong Province from 2020 to 2022

  ZOU Min, HE Dongmei, OUYANG Fangzhu, WANG Bojun, HUANG Yumei, CHEN Qifang, CHEN Leyan, KE Changwen, KE Bixia

  2025,37(2):124-130, DOI: 10.13590/j.cjfh.2025.02.003

  Abstract: (28) HTML (6) PDF (3.26 MKB)(39)

  Abstract:

  Objective To investigate the drug resistance， molecular characteristics and prevalence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus O10：K4 in Guangdong Province from 2020 to 2022， and to provide evidence for the prevention and control of Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection.Methods Serological identification， drug susceptibility test， MLST typing and whole genome sequencing were performed for Vibrio parahemolyticus strains isolated from clinical samples of infected patients in Guangdong Province from 2020 to 2022. At the same time， the microbial gene annotation system was used to annotate the drug resistance genes and virulence factors.Results The 290 strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus could be divided into 24 serotypes， of which O10：K4 accounted for 31.38% （91/290）. Drug susceptibility test of 91 strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus O10：K4 showed that all strains were resistant to ampicillin and sensitive to other drugs. A total of 75 of 290 strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus were selected for whole genome sequencing. The MLST typing and phylogenetic evolutionary relationship analysis showed that ST3 was the main sequence type of Vibrio parahaemolyticus O10：K4 （97.92%， 47/48） and was the closest genetic evolution to O3：K6. In addition， four novel Vibrio parahemolyticus sequence types were also identified in this study： ST3485， ST3486， ST3488 and ST3494. Vibrio parahaemolyticus O10：K4 has unique genetic markers of pandemic strains （toxRS/new+， orf8+， tdh+， and trh-） and carries multiple virulence genes， and the distribution of virulence genes is similar to that of serotypes O4：KUT and O3：K6.Conclusion The dominant serotype of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Guangdong Province from 2020 to 2022 is O10：K4， which has similar molecular characteristics to O3：K6 and is sensitive to multiple antibiotics. Vibrio parahemolyticus sequences showed high diversity and clear phylogenetic clades， with ST3 as the local dominant clonal group.

• Application of multiple nucleic acid detection system combined with MALDI-TOF MS in the identification of Clostridium perfringens

  SHI Juping, WANG Yaping, LIU Fang, XU Lan, QIAN Huifen, FAN Fei, WANG Xiang, SHAO Jingdong

  2025,37(2):131-137, DOI: 10.13590/j.cjfh.2025.02.004

  Abstract: (14) HTML (4) PDF (1.81 MKB)(28)

  Abstract:

  Objective To develop a rapid method for the screening and identification of foodborne （C. perfringens） isolates using multiple nucleic acid detection system combined with matrix assisted laser desorpt ionionization time of flight mass spectrometry （MALDI-TOF MS）， and to provide a new strategy for the identification of foodborne pathogens.Methods Samples from a food poisoning incident in Zhangjiagang City were collected for rapid screening with the multiplex nucleic acid detection system and MALDI-TOF MS， detection with traditional biochemical and MALDI-TOF MS， the accuracy of the results was verified by Real-time PCR combined with 16S rRNA sequencing.Results After initial screening using a multiplex nucleic acid detection system and MALDI-TOF MS， preliminary evidence indicated the samples had C. perfringens. Following GB 4789.13—2012 testing protocol， 31 strains of C. perfringens were identified in 122 samples associated with food poisoning incidents. Furthermore， fluorescence quantitative PCR and 16S rRNA gene sequencing were employed to verify 7 strains that showed inconsistent biochemical test results. These additional analyses ultimately confirmed that these 7 strains were indeed C. perfringens.Conclusion The multiple nucleic acid detection system has the advantages of prompt detection and elimination of routine detection items， and the MALDI-TOF MS is easy to operate， rapid， has a high accuracy of detection results. The combination of the two technologies can quickly and accurately screen and confirm pathogenic factors， providing a new effective method for the detection of foodborne pathogens.

Experimental Technique and Method

• Establishment and optimization of a HPLC method for determination of L-threonic acid in magnesium L-threonate

  TIAN Hongyun, WANG Yong, ZHANG Ying, LIU Yi, LU Yuanhong, HU Mingyan, HU Mei, WANG Jun

  2025,37(2):138-144, DOI: 10.13590/j.cjfh.2025.02.005

  Abstract: (17) HTML (3) PDF (4.36 MKB)(35)

  Abstract:

  Objective To develop a high-performance liquid chromatography-based method for the determination of L-threonate in magnesium L-threonate products.Methods The samples were dissolved in water and separated by C18 reversed-phase chromatography with 0.1% phosphoric acid solution and acetonitrile as mobile phase. The flow rate was 0.8 mL/min and the column temperature was 40 ℃， detection was performed at 210 nm using a diode detector.Results The linear relationship between the reference materials of L-threonoid acid was good in the range of 20-500 μg/mL， and the correlation coefficient was r²>0.999. The limit of detection was 1 g/100 g， and the limit of quantification was 2.5 g/100 g. The relative standard deviation （RSD） of intra-day precision and inter-day precision was 0.10%-0.19%， and RSD of the reproducibility was 0.25%-0.40%.Conclusion The method has the advantages of high precision， good stability and simple operation， and can meet the requirements of quality control of magnesium L-threonate product.

• Enrichment, separation, and content determination of five effective components in liquorice root tablets by IER-CNTs combined with DLSPE-HPLC

  GUO Xinying, CHEN Feng, ZHANG Weibing

  2025,37(2):145-152, DOI: 10.13590/j.cjfh.2025.02.006

  Abstract: (14) HTML (3) PDF (2.51 MKB)(28)

  Abstract:

  Objective To establish a double-layer solid phase extraction and high performance liquid chromatography （DLSPE-HPLC） method for the simultaneous determination of five active components， including Liquiritin， Isoglycyrrhizin， Glycyrrhizin， Glycyrrhizic Chalcone A and Glabridine， in medicinal and edible Chinese herbal Liquorice root tablets using macroporous weak base anion exchange resin-carbon nanotubes （IER-CNTs）. To provide reference for the quality and safety comprehensive evaluation of licorice decoction pieces.Methods The chromatography was performed on a Platisil ODS column with acetonitrile-0.05% phosphoric acid as mobile phase and gradient elution. The detection wavelength was set at 237 nm， the column temperature was 30 ℃， and the flow rate was 1.0 mL/min. The active components and their contents of liquorice samples were determined statistically and analyzed by component analysis.Results The linear relationship of this method is good （r>0.999）， with a linear range of 0.5-100 μg/ml， a recovery rate of 94.58-97.45%， and a relative standard deviation of 1.3-3.2%. Five target components were detected in Liquorice root tablets， and the overall quality was good.Conclusion This method is suitable for simultaneous determination and content analysis of 5 active components in Glycyrrhiza liquorice samples. Component analysis statistics can provide theoretical reference and methodological guidance for comprehensive evaluation of drug efficacy and quality safety of glycyrrhiza liquorrhiza in batch development.

• Determination of iron, copper and lead by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry in wine

  LI Ying, LYU Zhuoxuan

  2025,37(2):153-158, DOI: 10.13590/j.cjfh.2025.02.007

  Abstract: (26) HTML (3) PDF (629.30 KKB)(33)

  Abstract:

  Objective The determination of metal content of iron， copper and heavy metal element of lead in wine by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry （ICP-MS） was established.Methods The wine samples were digested by temperature programmed microwave digestion system. Helium gas was used as reaction gas to eliminate molecular ion interference， and the samples were determined by ICP-MS method. The influence of ⁵⁶Fe and ⁵⁷Fe isotopes on the determination results in collision mode and non-collision mode were verified. The differences of three pretreatment methods， microwave digestion， dilution and electrothermic digestion were compared.Results The parameters of the instrument were optimized and the detection limits of the three elements were 0.003-0.007 mg/L， precision of the method was 0.8%-5.1% and the recovery was 90.4%-106.0%. It was proved that the iron content in wine can be determined accurately by microwave digestion-⁵⁶Fe-collision mode or microwave digestion-⁵⁷Fe-non-collision mode. The direct dilution method can be used to determine elements of lead and copper quickly and accurately. Contents of iron and lead were determined with certified reference material and results were in the specified range.Conclusion The method has the advantages of high sensitivity， rapid and accurate detection results， and is suitable for the determination of iron， copper and lead in wine.

Risk Assessment

• Construction of PBPK model of quercetin and predicting pharmacokinetic behavior in humans

  XU Nu, SHI Miaoying, JIA Xudong, YANG Xingfen, ZHANG Lei, WU Yongning

  2025,37(2):159-167, DOI: 10.13590/j.cjfh.2025.02.008

  Abstract: (14) HTML (5) PDF (2.86 MKB)(29)

  Abstract:

  Objective To use physiologically based pharmacokinetic （PBPK） model to predict the tissue distribution of quercetin in human， and analyze its distribution and metabolic transformation process in different physiological compartments， so as to supplement the deficiency of human experimental data， and provide technical support for health risk-benefit assessment and safe intake formulation of quercetin.Methods Based on the physicochemical properties of quercetin， physiological parameters of rats and ADME parameters， a rat PBPK model was constructed by GastroPlus software. The predicted concentration-time curve of the model was compared with the measured data to verify the accuracy of the main pharmacokinetic parameters. The model is further extrapolated to human PBPK model， and the accuracy， sensitivity and correlation analysis are completed.Results The predicted and measured ratios of major pharmacokinetic parameters of PBPK models in rats and human were within the error range of 0.5 to 2 times， and the average folding error and absolute average folding error were both at acceptable levels， indicating that the model was well fitted and the prediction results were highly reliable.Conclusion The PBPK model of rats was successfully constructed， and based on this model， the human pharmacokinetic behavior was predicted， which provided a theoretical basis for efficient and safe use and management of quercetin.

Risk Monitoring

• Detection and risk assessment of 17 phthalate esters residues in Baijiu available for sale in Guiyang City

  FAN Jinxu, SHEN Ying, MA Kai, SUN Haida, LI Linzhu, LIU Shuanglong, LUO Tingwu, YANG Changbiao

  2025,37(2):168-172, DOI: 10.13590/j.cjfh.2025.02.009

  Abstract: (13) HTML (5) PDF (520.89 KKB)(31)

  Abstract:

  Objective To understand the pollution of 17 phthalate ester compounds （PAEs） in Baijiu sold in Guiyang City and evaluate the dietary exposure risk of residents in Guiyang City.Methods The data of 17 PAEs in Baijiu sold in Guiyang City from 2021 to 2023 were randomly sampled， and the dietary exposure of PAEs in Baijiu was evaluated by the point evaluation method combined with the consumption and weight information of Guizhou residents.Results From 2021 to 2023， 760 samples of Baijiu on the market were collected， the total rate of exceeding the reference value is 11.71%（89/760）， and the average total content of 17 PAEs was 0.310 mg/kg. The detection rate of di-n-butyl phthalate is as high as 88.95%（676/760）， and the rate of exceeding the reference value is 11.45%（87/760）； The detection rate of di （2-ethylhexyl） phthalate is 48.03%（365/760）， with a exceedance rate of 4.87%（37/760）； Dimethyl phthalate has a certain degree of non-compliance （0.39%）； Although the overall detection rate of the remaining 14 PAEs is relatively high， the degree of pollution is relatively light. From the sampling site perspective， the detection rate and over reference rate of PAEs in wholesale markets and distilleries are relatively high. The point assessment method suggested that the PAEs risk index of Baijiu intake by Guiyang residents was low.Conclusion The pollution of PAEs in Baijiu sold in Guiyang should be paid attention to by relevant departments and consumers. The health risk of Baijiu consumption by Guiyang residents is low and acceptable.

Foodborn Disease

• Epidemic characteristics of 151 foodborne disease outbreaks caused by Century egg in Mianyang City

  WEN Xianying, LIU Yan, SUN Hongying, HE Lingling, YANG Xiaorong

  2025,37(2):173-179, DOI: 10.13590/j.cjfh.2025.02.010

  Abstract: (18) HTML (4) PDF (1.19 MKB)(41)

  Abstract:

  Objective Over analysis of epidemiological characteristics of foodborne disease events caused by Century eggs in Mianyang City， we provide scientific basis and technical guidance for the effective prevention and control of such foodborne disease events.Methods A descriptive analysis was conducted by collecting outbreaks caused by Century eggs in Mianyang reported by Mianyang City through the Foodborne Disease Outbreak Surveillance System from 2014 to 2023.Results From 2014 to 2023， it was reported 151 foodborne disease outbreaks caused by eating Century eggs in Mianyang City， with 515 cases and 1 death. The attack rate was 69.41% and the fatality rate was 0.19%， accounting for 21.98% of the foodborne disease outbreaks reported in the same period. The period from May to September was the high incidence period of foodborne disease outbreaks caused by eating Century eggs， accounting for 82.78% of the reported incidents. the main places of occurrence were families， accounting for 90.07% of the total number of incidents. The source of Century eggs purchased was mainly home-made， accounting for 37.75% of the reported incidents； Century eggs were eaten directly in cold sauce or raw， accounting for 100.00% of the reported events； In the events where the pathogen has been identified， the pathogen was always Salmonella， accounting for 77.48% of the reported incidents， and the serotype was mainly Salmonella typhimurium.Conclusion Century eggs were the main cause of foodborne Salmonella outbreak in Mianyang City.Therefore， monitoring and early warning should be strengthened in high-risk areas， peak seasons， and key venues， and targeted health education and publicity on related food safety should be carried out. The family should be the focus of prevention and health education. We should guide the public not to home made Century eggs， fully cook Century eggs before consumption， so as to minimize foodborne disease outbreaks caused by Century eggs.

• Epidemiological investigation and analysis of an outbreak of foodborne disease caused by Vibrio parahaemolyticus

  JIANG Wenjun, MENG Lingchuan, FU Yanxia, LI Yuyuan, LUO Yuhao, LIANG Jinjun, WU Shilan, JIA Huayun

  2025,37(2):180-186, DOI: 10.13590/j.cjfh.2025.02.011

  Abstract: (20) HTML (5) PDF (2.41 MKB)(36)

  Abstract:

  Objective An epidemiological investigation and analysis were conducted on an outbreak of food-borne disease to explore the patterns of occurrence， the critical points of on-site management and countermeasures for food-borne disease outbreaks， providing a basis for future management of similar incidents and prevention and control strategies.Methods Epidemiological characteristics of the foodborne disease outbreak among diners at Restaurant W between 24-27 May 2021， were analyzed using descriptive epidemiological methods； A case-control study was conducted to investigate suspected foods， and an environmental hygiene investigation was performed to trace the contamination process of the suspected foods； The 40 biological samples from patients and food handlers at Restaurant W， along with the 18 food samples and samples from the food processing environment， were collected for testing.Results This incident revealed 344 individuals affected， with 96 cases， representing the incidence rate of 27.90%； Vibrio parahaemolyticus was detected in 31 of the 58 samples collected， with a detection rate of 53.45%. The pulsed field gel electrophoresis patterns of the strains isolated from beef and the cases were identical， confirming the presence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus contamination in the beef served as food.Conclusion This incident represents an outbreak of foodborne disease at W Restaurant， attributed to the consumption of beef contaminated with Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Prompt sealing of the site and the collection of samples for testing were crucial in controlling the spread of the disease and identifying the source and route of contamination. It is imperative to enhance coordination among various departments， cultivate and enhance capabilities for grassroots’s departments of disease prevention and control .

Review

• Research progress on the contamination hazards and control of ergot alkaloids

  WANG Yating, SUN Xiulan, ZHANG Zixuan, YE Yongli

  2025,37(2):187-194, DOI: 10.13590/j.cjfh.2025.02.012

  Abstract: (10) HTML (3) PDF (2.83 MKB)(35)

  Abstract:

  Ergot alkaloids are a type of alkaloids secondary metabolic produced by Claviceps or Epichlo? spp infected with black barley， wheat， rye， rice， corn， oats， and various other gramineous plants. Long-term exposure to ergot alkaloids can result in extensive toxic effects on the nervous， reproductive， liver， kidney， cardiovascular and other organ systems. These effects can induce neurological， genetic development and cardiovascular damage and diseases. Acute poisoning can lead to gangrenous ergot poisoning and spastic ergot poisoning. This paper provides an overview of the physicochemical properties and biosynthesis of ergot alkaloids， as well as a summary of the pollution status， exposure toxicity and techniques for prevention and control reduction of ergot alkaloids. It aims to offer a reference for the development of strategies to prevent and control ergot alkaloid pollution in food raw materials and products.

• Research progress of infectious diarrhea and pathogenic microorganisms in aged people

  HU Qingwen, FAN Penghui, LI Weiwei, GUO Yunchang

  2025,37(2):195-206, DOI: 10.13590/j.cjfh.2025.02.013

  Abstract: (18) HTML (4) PDF (2.71 MKB)(46)

  Abstract:

  Infectious diarrhea is one of the major public hygienic health problems in the world. Although the elderly population is particularly susceptible to encountering infectious diarrhea， there is few scientific research specifically focused on analyzing the pathogenic microorganisms in those over 60 years old. Therefore， this paper analyzes 151 literatures published after 2000， examining the fundamental characteristics of annual publication numbers， publishing institutions， and keywords. The information include biological characteristics and prevalence patterns of the three most frequently reported pathogens—Salmonella， Norovirus， and diarrheagenic enteropathogenic Escherichia coli—are summarized in order to provide theoretical references for preventing and controlling infectious diarrhea in elderly individuals.

• Epidemiological characterization of Salmonella food poisoning events in China, 2004-2019

  ma shuai shuai, wangrui

  Abstract: (10) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 ByteKB) (0)

  Abstract:

  Abstract Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of the occurrence of Salmonella food poisoning in China and to provide a basis for the development of preventive and control measures.Methods Food poisoning events caused by Salmonella were collected and organized in the Public Health Emergency Reporting Management System of China's Disease Control and Prevention Information System, and analyzed using descriptive epidemiological methods.Results From 2004 to 2019, 460 salmonella food poisoning incidents were reported nationwide, with 26,732 illnesses and 16 deaths, for a case-fatality rate of 0.06%.A higher number of incidents were reported between May and September, accounting for 63.91% of the total number of incidents;The number of incidents where the traceability of samples was completed and the suspected food was clarified was 57.39%;The largest number of Salmonella-contaminated single food types were meat products, followed by bakery and egg products, which accounted for 22.39%, 8.48% and 5.22% of the total number of incidents, in that order.The provinces with the highest number of reported salmonella food poisoning incidents nationwide were, in descending order, Yunnan Province, Sichuan Province and Guangdong Province, accounting for 15.87%, 11.09% and 10.65% of the total number of incidents, respectively;The main places where incidents occurred were food service establishments, rural banquets and households, accounting for 47.17%, 26.09%, and 16.09% of the total number of incidents, respectively.Serotyping of Salmonella spp. was completed in 182 incidents, with Salmonella enteritidis (56.04%, 102/182), Salmonella typhimurium (14.29%, 26/182) and Salmonella Dublin (5.49%, 10/181) being the most frequently detected..Conclusion It is recommended to focus on the risk of salmonella contamination of meat,bakery,egg foods and their products, strengthen the food safety supervision of rural banquets, hotels and collective canteens,enhance safety publicity, monitoring and early warning, reporting and investigation, and traceability and identification of salmonella in the summer and fall when the incidence of salmonella food poisoning is high.

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Volume 37,2025 Issue 2

Original Reports

• Usage Status and Comparison Analysis of the Food Colour in Some Countries(Regions)

  ZOU Zhi-fei, PU Min, LI Jian-jun, CHEN Yong-hong

  2010,22(2):112-120, DOI:

  Abstract: (5827) HTML (0) PDF (766.95 KKB) (35613)

  Abstract:

  Food color was divided into three categories,that was tar pigments, natural pigments and others. Edible tar pigment was classified to azo, triarylmethane, xanthene, fluorescent ketone, quinoline derivatives and indigo dye, and natural pigment was classified to tetrapyrroles (porphyrins) derivatives, isoprene derivatives, anthocyanin derivatives, ketone derivatives, quinone derivatives and the others according to their chemical structure.There are INS,E-number,C.I and the code about synthetic pigment in some countries in food color.The regulations and the use varieties about food color of China, CAC, Russia, EU, US, Canada, Japan, Hong Kong , Macao and China Taiwan was introduced respectively. Comparison analysis about differences in formulation of food additicve standard, prohibition about colour variety, attitude about usage of edible tar colour, and colour variety (tar colur,natural colour and others),scope and limits about color usage were performed with comparative analysis. Color usage in the produce of export food in accordance with standard of destination , focus on variety and limit of colour in import food according to their sources was proposed, and trends about usage of food color was Prospect ed also.

食品安全标准

• Revision on the National food safety standard-standards for uses of food additives(GB 2760—2011)

  Wang Huali, Zhang Jiyue, Zhang Jianbo

  2011,23(6):571-575, DOI:

  Abstract: (3590) HTML (0) PDF (223.37 KKB) (29899)

  Abstract:

  According to The Law of Food Safety,the related requirements of the State Council and the Ministry of Public Health,and the program of systemic revision of national food safety standards,the Hygienic Standards for the Use of Food Additives(GB 2760—2007) was revised by the National Institute of Nutrition and Food safety of China CDC in 2011.The revised parts are mainly on the regulations of using food additives,food processing aids and flavorings.The revision of the National food safety standard-...

• Comparative study on regulations and standards for health food control (to be continued)

  Zhao Danyu Zhang Zhiqiang

  2004(4), DOI:

  Abstract: (2531) HTML (0) PDF (194.33 KKB) (29249)

  Abstract:

  The comparative study was conducted on the regulations and standards in related with health food or health claim control in the countries or regions of Chinese Mainland, Australia, European Union, Japan, USA and Chinese Taipei, taking Codex Alimentarius Commission as reference. The analysis is focus on the similarities and differences on the part of the definition, legal status, the requirements for product composition and form and the procedure of safety and functional evaluation among these countries or regions, in an attempt to find out the background information and scientific evidence for the relevant regulations and standards. The administration patterns of health food or health claim by the authorities of individual countries or regions, i.e. whether it is a pre-market approval system or a preview (pre-market registered) system, been elaborated and analyzed. To the improvement of health food control system in China, some proposals and recommendations were made based on the analysis of the merits and defects thereof, and technical evidence was provided for the international coordination in the future.

Review

• Advance on Study of Biogenic Amines in Food

  HE Qing-hua, WU Yong-ning, YIN Yu-long

  2007(5), DOI:

  Abstract: (3508) HTML (0) PDF (241.45 KKB) (27733)

  Abstract:

  If over-dose biogenic amines were eaten, it may have deleterious impacts on human and animals. To illustrate the effects of biogenic amines in food on human, the source, influential factors, metabolism and toxicological research of biogenic amines were briefly reviewed.

Original Reports

• Study on antibiotic resistance of Cronobacter sakazakii isolated from imported dairy product

  ZHANG Xi-meng, ZENG Jing, WEI Hai-yan, FU Pu-bo, HAN Xiao

  2013,25(4):320-323, DOI:

  Abstract: (1861) HTML (0) PDF (4.44 MKB) (27233)

  Abstract:

  To investigate antibiotic resistance of Cronobacter sakazakii isolated from imported dairy products. Methods100strains of Cronobacter sakazakii were tested for antibiotic susceptibility by disk diffusion recommended by the National Committee of Clinical laboratory Standard. Results All strains were sensitive to Mezlocillin, Imipenem, Meropenem, Gentamicin, Amikacin, Kanamycin, Tobramycin, Chloramphenicol, Cefepime, Cefoperazone, Cefotaxime Sodium, Ceftazidime, Pentahydrate, Ciprofloxacin and Norfloxacin, while resistant to Proctaphlin Sodium. The ratio of resistant strains to Ampicillin, Cefalotin, Cefazolin Sodium, Sodium and Tetracycline was 65%, 17%, 3% and 2%, respectively. The ratio of intermediate resistant strains to Ampicillin, Cefazolin Sodium, Cefalotin Sodium, Ceftriaxone Sodium, Tetracycline was 25%, 23%, 6%, 2% and 1% respectively. 13strains were multiresistant to 3kinds of antibiotics and 4strain was multiresistant. ConclusionCronobacter sakazakii strains isolated from imported dairy products were susceptible to most of the tested antibiotics, but resistance were increasing. In this study, All drug resistant strains to oxacillin. Hereby, the issue of Cronobacter sakazakii multiresistance should arouse abroad attention worldwide.

风险评估专栏

• National and international food safety assessment overview

  Li Ning, Yan Weixing

  2011,23(1):13-16, DOI:

  Abstract: (4031) HTML (0) PDF (711.55 KKB) (27130)

  Abstract:

  The result of food safety risk assessment is the scientific basis for formulating the food safety standards and for exercising food safety supervision and administration. To exert the effects of food safety risk assessment in supervision and administration, some countries established specific agencies for food safety risk assessment, as well as in China with National Food Safety Risk Assessment Expert Committee. Despite that there is still a long way to go for China in food safety risk assessment compared to developed countries, the technologies applied in formulating food safety standards, handling of food safety accidents and risk communications exerted significant effect. However, we still need to promote constructions building in system of food safety risk assessment from the aspects of organizations, capacities and technologies in risk assessment and human resources considering the situation of food safety and needs of food safety supervision.

• Optimizing cleanup of pyrethroid pesticide residues in cucumber by orthogonal design-repeat experiment method

  Huang Cheng, Guo Mei

  2012,24(5):438-440, DOI:

  Abstract: (2459) HTML (0) PDF (478.25 KKB) (27130)

  Abstract:

  目的优选QuEChERS方法中黄瓜拟除虫菊酯类农药残留净化剂的最佳组合。方法采用正交实验法,以农药加标回收率(气相色谱法)为指标,考察净化剂PSA(N-丙基乙二胺)、C18(C18烷基-硅胶)、GCB(石墨化炭黑)三因素的影响。结果重复试验表明,10 g黄瓜2 ml定容液净化剂的最佳组合是A2B1C2,即0.075 g PSA,0.025 g C18,0.050 g GCB。结论正交试验法用于优选蔬菜中农药残留检测的QuEChERS净化剂组合,既可节省试剂,又能满足检测需要。

• Microbe inspection of export frozen shrimps during processing at a factory

  LEI Xiaoling, ZENG Shaokui, JIANG Zhihong, ZHANG Chaohua, WU Hongmian

  2005(1), DOI:

  Abstract: (2272) HTML (0) PDF (211.13 KKB) (26526)

  Abstract:

  The microbe change in export frozen shrimp(shrimp meat,headless shrimp)at different stages of processing was reported.The bacterial contamination of utensils,equipment environment was checked.The results demonstrated that the aerobic plate counts of export frozen shrimp generally were up to the standard.Coliforms sometimes exceed the standard.Pathogens were not detected.Aerobic plate counts of utensils and equipment often go beyond the standard.

Food Safety Standard and Administration

• Overview on the Single Raw Material Health Foods Approved in China and the Revelations for Their Registration and Administration

  ZHOU Su-juan, , , WAN Chao, BAI Hong

  2010,22(2):143-146, DOI:

  Abstract: (2190) HTML (0) PDF (367.21 KKB) (26454)

  Abstract:

  Objectives To investigate the current status of single raw material health foods registration in China. Methods The registration of 419 single raw material health foods from the State Food and Drug Administration (SFDA) in the period of 2003-2007 were studied and analyzed, including the registration number, function claims, material categories and active ingredients, etc. Results The number of single raw material health foods accounted for 13.1% of total registered functional foods in this period. Half of the function claims were enhancing immune function. The active ingredients were nonspecific. The most common ingredients were polysaccharide, total saponins and total flavonoid. The chief categories of component were traditional Chinese material, foodstuff, edible fungi and algae. Conclusions The use of extracted materials might bring potential quality and safety issues because of no unified standards and processing technique. It is necessary to standardize management for extracted materials urgently. Take the single raw material products as a trial to seek a simplified mode for the registration and management of health foods.

• Comparative study on regulations and standards for health food control

  Zhao Danyu, Zhang Zhiqiang

  2004(5), DOI:

  Abstract: (2236) HTML (0) PDF (184.87 KKB) (26225)

  Abstract:

  The comparative study was conducted on the regulations and standards in related with health food or health claim control in the countries or regions of Chinese Mainland, Australia, European Union, Japan, USA and Chinese Taiwan, taking Codex Alimentarius Commission as reference. The analysis is focus on the similarities and differences on the part of the definition, legal status, the requirements for product composition and form and the procedure of safety and functional evaluation among these countries or regions, in an attempt to find out the background information and scientific evidence for the relevant regulations and standards. The administration patterns of health food or health claim by the authorities of individual countries or regions, i.e. whether it is a pre market approval system or a preview (pre market registered) system, have been elaborated and analyzed in this tert. To the improvement of health food control system in China, some proposals and recommendations were made based on the analysis of the merits and defects thereof, and technical evidence was provided for the international coordination in the future.

• Study on Estrogenic Effect of Resveratrol

  ZHANG Wen-zhong, LI Ning, LI Rong

  2008(3), DOI:

  Abstract: (3086) HTML (0) PDF (273.27 KKB) (25845)

  Abstract:

  目的探索反式白藜芦醇经口摄入后，在体内的雌激素作用和剂量一反应关系。方法选用19日龄未成年大鼠做子宫增重试验，分别经灌胃给予0．1、0．3、0．6和1．0g／kgBW的白藜芦醇，以3．0p∥kgBW的雌二醇为阳性对照，并设立水和油的阴性对照组，所有剂量组连续灌胃3d。实验结束称量子宫的湿重和干重，对卵巢、子宫和阴道进行组织病理学检查，并测量子宫内膜上皮细胞高度。结果和对照组比较，白藜芦醇对子宫重量无影响；组织病理学结果显示，1．0g／kgBW白藜芦醇剂量组的子宫轻度增生，0．3、0．6和1．0g／kgBW白藜芦醇剂量组的阴道轻度增生，无剂量-反应关系；受试物组子宫内膜上皮细胞高度无明显变化。结论白藜芦醇经口摄入时雌激素作用较弱，且无剂量-反应关系。

Risk Assessment

• The application of contamination index method to evaluate heavy metal contaminations in dairy products

  SUN Yan-bin, SUN Ting, DONG Shu-xiang, LI Shi-kai, ZHONG Qing, ZHANG Jun

  2015,27(4):441-446, DOI: 10.13590/j.cjfh.2015.04.020

  Abstract: (2282) HTML (0) PDF (10.31 MKB) (25800)

  Abstract:

  To understand the distribution characteristics of heavy metal contamination in dairy products, and to evaluate the status and the extent of heavy metal contamination.Methods The contents of Pb, total-Hg, Cd, Cr and total-As in raw milk, fermented milk, sterilized milk, infant formula and milk powder during 2012-2013 were detected. Single factor contamination index method and comprehensive contamination index method of Nemerow were used to evaluate the contamination level according to the grading standard of agriculture product quality. Results The detection rate of Pb, total-As, total-Hg, Cd and Cr were 14.0%(21/150), 24.7%(37/150), 82.0%(109/133), 26.3%(35/133)and 72.9%(43/59) in dairy products, respectively. Pb in raw milk and Cd in sterilized milk were not detected. The mean, P75 and P95 of total-Hg in raw milk were higher than the limit. The P95 of total-Hg in fermented milk and sterilized milk and Cd in milk powder were higher than the limit. The detection rate and single factor contamination index of total-Hg were the highest in raw milk, fermented milk and sterilized milk, which indicated there was severe contamination in the raw milk(PHg>1) and mild contamination in fermented milk (PHg>0.6). The detection rate of Cr was the highest in infant formula and milk powder, while single factor contamination index of Cd was the highest. The heavy metal contamination in raw milk ranked the first with P_n=0.754, reaching mild level of contamination. The heavy metal contamination in dairy products could be lined in a decreasing order of raw milk, fermented milk, sterilized milk, milk powder and infant formula.Conclusion Four kinds of dairy products were at the safe level of heavy metal contamination. Total-Hg was the dominant heavy metal contamination in liquid milk, while Cd in solid milk. Single factor contamination index and comprehensive contamination index of total-Hg in raw milk indicated that measures should be taken to prevent the contamination.

Review

• Arsenic Speciation and Food Safety in Seafoods

  ZHANG Wen-de

  2007(4), DOI:

  Abstract: (1924) HTML (0) PDF (266.45 KKB) (25093)

  Abstract:

  To accurately understand the inorganic arsenic origin in seafoods and scientifically appraise the quality of seafood products, some problems on arsenic chemical and speciation form, background value, inorganic arsenic and determination of arsenic in marine organisms were discussed. References were provided for determination of inorganic arsenic in seafoods.

• Study on Development and Current Status of Chinese Legal Systems of Health Foods

  ZHANG Li-wei, ZHAO Hong-jing, BAI Hong, WAN Chao

  2008(3), DOI:

  Abstract: (3288) HTML (0) PDF (234.99 KKB) (24885)

  Abstract:

  目的总结我国保健食品法律、法规、标准体系发展历史与现状，为未来发展提供建议。方法系统收集我国自1995年《中华人民共和国食品卫生法》首次赋予保健食品法律地位以来有关保健食品生产、销售、流通、监管环节的法律法规，进行纵向与横向的比较分析。结果从管理角度讲，我国保健食品经历了《保健食品管理办法》及《保健食品注册管理办法》两个时期，经历了一个逐步发展完善的过程，在立法过程中体现了“公平、公正、便民、高效和救济”等法制理念的不断进步。现在，我国保健食品法律、法规、标准在产品生产、市场、监控、评估4个方面基本形成了体系，并在新功能、新原料开发方面采取了更为开放的姿态。结论今后我国应加强技术性法规标准的建设，完善《保健食品注册管理办法》相应配套办法，进一步理顺各部门食品安全监管职能，明确责任，注重部门规章的衔接，进一步以法律、法规、标准体系建设整顿市场秩序，引导保健食品行业健康有序地发展。

Experimental Technique and Method

• Determination of glucosamine hydrochloride in health food by HPLC

  Gan Binbin, Liu Zhanhua, Li Shaohao

  2011,23(6):531-533, DOI:

  Abstract: (2707) HTML (0) PDF (249.14 KKB) (24854)

  Abstract:

  Objective To establish a method for the determination of glucosamine hydrochloride in health food by HPLC.Methods Samples were extracted ultrasonically with water and separated on a CAPCELLPAKCR column(4.6 mm×150 mm,5 μm);the mobile phase consisted of 25 mmol ammonium acetate+acetonitrile(in 0.1% formic acid)(25+75,V/V).The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min;the detection wavelength was 200 nm.Results The standard curve of glucosamine hydrochloride was linear over the range in 0.2~26.0 μg(r=0.999 982).The...

食品安全标准

• Comparison and analysis of the aerobic plate count,coliforms,Escherichia coli,enterobacteriaceae in national and international food safety standards

  Xu Jin, Pang Lu

  2011,23(5):472-477, DOI:

  Abstract: (3014) HTML (0) PDF (636.81 KKB) (24738)

  Abstract:

  As indicator organisms,standards for aerobic plate count,coliforms,Escherichia coli,enterobacteriaceae applied in each country were different.Based on the comparison and analysis of microbiological criteria of foods in Australia,New Zealand,European Communities,Canada and Hong Kong,recommendations and technical basis for the elaboration of general microbiological criteria of China’s national food safety standards were provided. 更多还原

• Comparative study on microbiological limits for ready-to-eat foods

  Xu Jin, Pang Lu

  2012,24(5):474-478, DOI:

  Abstract: (2443) HTML (0) PDF (735.98 KKB) (24626)

  Abstract:

  Based on the analysis of microbiological criteria for ready-to-eat foods in Codex Alimentarius Commission,the European Union,Australia,New Zealand,England and HongKong China,the article provides recommendations for the elaboration of microbiological criteria of Chinese national food standard.

• Determination of Nitrate and Nitrite in Foods by Ion Chromatography

  ZHANG Lei, ZHAO Yun-feng, ZHENG Hong-guo, ZHANG Lei, LIU Xiao, ZHAO Yun-feng, MOU Shi-fen, ZHENG Hong-guo, WU Yong-ning

  2008(4), DOI:

  Abstract: (2785) HTML (0) PDF (249.71 KKB) (23994)

  Abstract:

  目的建立同时测定食品中硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐的离子色谱方法。方法采用超声提取、固相萃取柱净化的方法对试样进行前处理，高容量阴离子交换色谱枉分离，抑制型电导检测器检测。结果亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐的检出限分别为0.005mg／L和0.008mg／L。回收率均在80％以上，RSD小于10％。结论该方法简便快捷、准确可靠，适用于多种食品基质中亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐的分析。