Objective To assess the dietary aflatoxins exposure in Chinese residents and analyse the main contributing foods and the risk of liver cancer.Method The dietary aflatoxins exposure was calculated by the aflatoxins contamination level in foods and the intake level of foods.Results The mean dietary aflatoxins exposure levels of Chinese standard persons, 2-6-year-old children, urban standard population and rural standard population were 665.43 ng/person per day, 415.39 ng/person per day, 487.64 ng/person per day, and 749.14 ng/person per day respectively, and the dietary aflatoxins exposure of high consumers in those resident groups (97.5 percentile) were 24?787.20 ng/person per day, 16?544.40 ng/person per day, 17?358.59 ng/person per day and 29?370.42 ng/person per day, respectively. The dietary aflatoxins exposure of rural residents was higher than that of urban residents. The status of dietary aflatoxins exposure in 2-6-year-old children was anxious. Maize and rice were the main contributing foods in dietary aflatoxins exposure of Chinese residents. The risk of liver cancer because of dietary aflatoxins exposure in rural residents was higher than that in urban residents. Conclusion To reduce the aflatoxins exposure, the urban people and the 2-6-years-old children are the main populations to be concerned and maize and rice are the important foods whose quality can not be ignored.