Objective To study the double challenges of food safety on the supervision of food nutrition and food hygiene, and to provide a reference for policy and regulation construction.Method Through the scientific analyzing the deficiency of nutrition and food safety regulations and the importance of food safety and balanced diets, the great significance and effects of the double challenges of nutrition and hygiene in food safety supervision were demonstrated. Results The Food Safety Law of the People’s Republic of China is limited, and food safety includes the problems of food hygiene and nutrition, furthermore, a variety of appropriate amount of balanced diets can prevent many food safety problems.Conclusion The nutrition and hygiene of food belong to the field of food safety, we should make use of law effect and the government conduct to protect the food safety in our country.