Objective To understand the situation of Gardenia consumption in China and to assess the geniposide exposure level and health risk of the Gardenia consumption population in China. Methods Data on geniposide content in Gardenia jasminoides in China were collected through literature search, and probabilistically assessed the level of geniposide exposure and health risk of the national population through the consumption of Gardenia jasminoides in China by combining the data from the survey on the consumption of food and drug substances in China from 2019-2022.Results The consumption rate of gardenia in 9 provinces of China was 10.32%, and the mean value of consumption was 0.41 g/d. Simple distribution assessment showed that the mean exposure of geniposide of the edible population of Gardenia in 9 provinces was 0.28 mg/kg?BW, and In 9 provinces, 17.01% of the residents' geniposide exposure exceeded the Gardenia gardenia gardenia glycoside tolerable daily intake (TDI). The average exposure of the edible population in Henan Province was the highest 0.54 mg/kg?BW. The results of the probabilistic assessment showed that 16.70 % of the Gardenia consuming population in the country had health risks from geniposide exposure above TDI,with health risk. The amount of Gardenia consumed by the edible population of Gardenia in China is a high sensitivity factor for geniposide exposure.Conclusion The risk of exposure to geniposide in China's Gardenia consuming population is generally low, but there is a health risk in some high consuming population (P95).