The relationship between inspection and surveillance of food production was studied for the development of food hygiene in China. It is considered that surveillance is a part of inspection; sampling for inspection should be done by the food inspector; inspection and surveillance at regular intervals is a useful method for day to day work of inspection and surveillance; inspection aimed at specific foods is more efficient to control the hygienic quality of these foods; unexpected inspection and surveillance could know well the hygienic quality of foods in market timely; Obligatory inspection could provide objective basis for food hygiene inspection and administration; entrusted inspection required by the health administrative department is a food hygiene inspection work in charge of the food industries themselves.