Alternaria toxin is a secondary metabolite produced by Alternaria. It is widely found in food products all over the world and poses a serious threat to human health. Therefore, the analysis of toxicity and the discovery of hazard prevention and control measures have become the focus of current research. This paper mainly summarizes the toxicity, exposure risk, pollution control and toxicity intervention methods of four common alternaria toxins, such as to make chain spore mold toxin risk assessment, safety evaluation standard and provide reference for the establishment of prevention and control measures, to ensure food safety and human health is of great significance.