Objective:Based on the method of systematic literature analysis, we collected and sifted toxicological information of Nivalenol (NIV) for hazard identification and characterization and carried out a hazard assessment of the health effects of NIV, so as to provide basic toxicological information for the risk assessment. Methods: Firstly, the systematic literature search was conducted, and the core references included were identified after the literature combing process of primary search, de-duplication and manual filtered, as well as the evaluation of the quality of the literature.Then the toxicological information was sorted out and analyzed, and a hazard assessment of the health effects of NIV was conducted. Results: the most common symptom after acute oral exposure to high-dose NIV was vomiting. Subchronic and chronic toxicity studies showed that the most important effect of NIV exposure was a decrease in white blood cell counts, with harmful effects on the immune and hematologic systems and on growth and development,and that NIV had combined toxicity with DON. Conclusion: Long-term exposure to NIV at high doses may increase the risk of human health, and its toxic effects mainly include immunotoxicity and reproductive development toxicity. The reduction of leukocyte counts may be a sensitive toxic effect, and the further risk assessment of NIV intake is needed.