With the improvement of living standards and the increasing burden of chronic diseases, nutrition labeling plays an increasingly important role in safeguarding consumer right-to-know, guiding healthy dietary choices, and regulating the food industry. Based on the newly released General Rules for Nutrition Labeling of Prepackaged Foods (GB 28050-2025) in China and the established Korean nutrition labeling system, this paper systematically compares the two countries in terms of legislative foundations and institutional frameworks, scope of application and exemptions, nutrition facts panels, nutrition claims, special population protection, and digital labeling innovation. The study finds that China system emphasizes uniformity and policy orientation, while Korea demonstrates flexibility and dynamic adaptability. The differences and complementarities between the two provide valuable insights for the localization and optimization of labeling systems, corporate compliance support, social mobilization, and international harmonization in the future.