Objective To understand the contamination levels and patterns of neonicotinoid pesticides in commercially available fruits and vegetables in Henan Province from 2023 to 2025 and to promptly identify potential pesticide residue safety risks in these samples. Method Eighteen cities in Henan Province were selected as monitoring sites, The sampling points were selected based on population distribution and regional characteristics. Result The overall detection rate of 12 neonicotinoid pesticides was 40.7% , An exceedance rate was 2.94% in Henan Province"s fruit and vegetable samples. A total of 10 neonicotinoid pesticides were detected with detection rates ranging from 0.13% to 19.3%. Cycloxaprid and paichongding were not detected in any of the fruit and vegetable samples from 2023 to 2025. Four neonicotinoid pesticides were found to exceed safety standards with an exceedance rate ranging from 0.04% to 1.71%.All food categories have detected positive for neonicotinoid pesticides. In fruit samples, the detection rate of neonicotinoid pesticides was 34.0% and an exceedance rate was 2.59%; In vegetable samples, the detection rate of neonicotinoid pesticides was 43.8% and an exceedance rate was 3.10%. Conclusion Neonicotinoid pesticides were widely detected in commercially available fruit and vegetable samples from 2023 to 2025, The overall detection rate and exceedance rates consistent