Objective This study aims to investigate the public’s cognition and characteristics regarding prepared dishes.Methods This study systematically collected 707 155 public comments related to “prepared dishes” on online platforms from May 2023 to June 2024， followed by descriptive and structural equation modeling analysis.Results The overall attitude of the public tended to be negative， with a satisfaction rate of 31.50% and a purchase intention rate of 36.76%. The main negative emotions were doubt and blame， and the average cognitive depth was 1.48， which was at a relatively low level. Among different categories， prepared vegetable dishes were more difficult to be accepted. The public’s willingness to purchase prepared dishes was mainly influenced by factors such as price， nutritional content of raw materials， and quality characteristics， which is consistent with the current public opinion situation.Conclusion Relevant government departments should pay attention to the public perceptions and public opinion patterns regarding prepared dishes， optimize targeted risk management measures and better address consumer needs.