Objective To understand the consumption status and influencing factors of cereal-based complementary foods and canned complementary foods among children under 3 years of age in 15 provinces （autonomous regions and municipalities） of China， and to provide scientific evidence for scientific feeding and healthy growth of infants and toddlers.Methods A multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method proportional to population size was used to select 20 431 children under 3 years of age from 43 survey sites across 15 provinces （autonomous regions and municipalities） in China in 2015. Based on data from three non-consecutive 24-hour dietary recalls， parents or caregivers were interviewed to record the food consumption data of the infants and toddlers. The consumption rates and intake amounts of cereal-based complementary foods and canned complementary foods among the study subjects were analyzed. Chi-square tests and rank-sum tests were used to compare differences in consumption rates and intake amounts， while multivariate logistic regression analysis was employed to identify factors influencing the consumption of cereal-based complementary foods and canned complementary foods.Results The consumption rates of cereal-based complementary foods and canned complementary foods among children under 3 years of age were 15.0% and 1.7%， respectively. Higher consumption rates were observed in infants aged 6-11 months （37.9% for cereal-based complementary foods and 4.6% for canned complementary foods）. Infants and toddlers in large cities had higher consumption rates of both types of complementary foods. The average daily consumption of cereal-based complementary foods and canned complementary foods among children under 3 years of age was 4.3 g/d and 0.4 g/d， respectively. Infants aged 6-11 months exhibited higher average intake amounts （10.5 g/d for cereal-based complementary foods and 1.0 g/d for canned complementary foods）. Children in large cities consumed more than those in rural areas. Complementary food consumption was associated with multiple factors including father’s occupation， mother’s education level， household income， urban-rural and regional differences， with varying degrees of influence.Conclusion Infants aged 6-11 months constitute the primary consumers of both cereal-based complementary foods and canned complementary foods. Scientific knowledge about complementary feeding should be disseminated to parents or caregivers of infants and toddlers to enhance their awareness of appropriate complementary feeding and promote scientifically sound feeding practices.