The continuing escalation in the prevalence of food allergies not only severely impairs patients’ quality of life but also exacerbates the burden on public health resources， thereby emerging as a critical global public health concern. Currently， this field continues to face pivotal challenges， including inadequate diagnostic precision， incompletely elucidated risk factors， and limited accessibility to preventive and control technologies. In recent years， however， the rapid advancement of technologies such as molecular biology， immunology， multi-omics， and artificial intelligence has propelled a series of cutting-edge breakthroughs in the field of food allergy. This article systematically reviews the latest achievements in the epidemiology， diagnosis， prevention， and policy support of food allergies. It provides an in-depth analysis of current practical bottlenecks concerning technology dissemination， primary healthcare capacity， public awareness， and policy implementation. Furthermore， it proposes comprehensive counterstrategies anchored in epidemiological research and driven by technological innovation， intervention optimization， systemic enhancement， robust interdisciplinary collaboration， and the translation of technology into policy. Ultimately， this review aims to provide theoretical insights and practical references for constructing a comprehensive， full-chain scientific prevention and control system for food allergies， spanning from the individual level to societal governance， thereby effectively safeguarding the health rights and well-being of allergic population.