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XU Jiao, LI Huzhong, FANG Haiqin
2025,37(4):307-310, DOI: 10.13590/j.cjfh.2025.04.001
Abstract:
This article focuses on the global and Chinese issue of hidden malnutrition， analyzing its causes including nutrient loss in crops， nutritional depletion during food processing and storage， and imbalanced dietary structure. It highlights that nutrient fortifiers are a key means to address micronutrient deficiencies. By comparing the integrated regulatory models of China， the US， and Japan with the independent management systems of international organizations， the EU， Australia and New Zealand， the paper reveals challenges in China’s current approach of regulating nutrient fortifiers under food additives， such as ambiguous functional positioning and public cognitive biases. It proposes amending the Food Safety Law of the People’s Republic of China to establish an independent regulatory system， clarifying the legal definition， approval procedures， and safety assessment criteria for nutrient fortifiers. This aims to shift food safety governance from “risk prevention” to “nutrition promotion”， supporting the realization of the “Healthy China 2030” initiative.
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WANG Caixia, LIU Yu, YUAN Wenting
2025,37(4):311-315, DOI: 10.13590/j.cjfh.2025.04.002
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Objective Understanding the differences in mineral content in wheat flour under different processing precisions can guide the production of wheat flour processing industry and also help guide the adjustment of residents’ daily dietary structure.Methods Wheat samples from 13 planting sits in Shaanxi Province were collected and processed into whole wheat flour， special flour and wheat core flour. Inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry （ICP-OES） was used to determine the mineral content， the index of nutritional quality （INQ） was used to evaluate the mineral elements， and analyze the variance and correlation of nine minerals in wheat flour with different precisions.Results The nine minerals in the three types of wheat flour showed different downward trends， there were the largest declines of Mg， Mn and Zn， and the total amount of minerals of three wheat flours were 959， 341 and 300 mg/100 g. The analysis of variance showed that there was a significant difference between the minerals in whole wheat flour and the latter two （P<0.05）， but there was no significant difference between the special flour and wheat core flour （P>0.05）. The results of INQ method showed，with the change of machining accuracy， the INQ values of the corresponding elements decreased， and the INQ values of some elements decreased to less than 1， but the INQ values of Mn and Cu in wheat core flour were still greater than 1. The correlation analysis showed that there was a significant negative correlation between the processing accuracy and the nine minerals （correlation coefficient： -0.615--0.884）. There were different degrees of positive correlation among the nine elements， and the correlation coefficient between some elements was >0.9， indicating that the variability of mineral content converged.Conclusion This study shows that deep processing will cause the loss of minerals in wheat flour， and the development of safer， healthier， delicious and better whole wheat flour is the direction of the development of whole grain industry.
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XIAO Haoran, WANG Yanghan, ZHANG Hao, FU Yongkang, WANG Qiannan, CHE Huilian
2025,37(4):316-326, DOI: 10.13590/j.cjfh.2025.04.003
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Objective In this study， we established sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （sELISA） methods to detect major soybean allergens β-Conglycinin and glycinin.Methods A single-factor experiment was conducted to optimize the method for isolating and enriching β-Conglycinin and glycinin from defatted soy protein powder， determining the addition amounts of the precipitants CaCl2 and NaHSO3， and the effect of the separation time and speed on the separation. The checkerboard method was used to determine the optimal working concentrations of the capture and detection antibodies， the reaction time for each step， and the dilution solvent for the target protein. An ELISA detection method was established and its performance was evaluated.Results Before centrifugal separation of β-Conglycinin and glycinin， 10 mmol/L CaCl2 and 0.01 mmol/L NaHSO3 were added as precipitants and reducing agents， respectively. The precipitation was left overnight and the centrifugation speed was increased to 10 000 r/min， resulting in extraction rates of 41.81% and 54.06% for β-Conglycinin and glycinin， respectively， with clear protein bands. For the sELISA of β-Conglycinin， 0.5 μg/mL 3A9 mAb was used as the capture antibody， and 2E2mAb-HRP was diluted 1∶4000 as the detection antibody. The antigen and detection antibody were incubated for 90 min each， and the color development was for 15 min. A four-parameter fit and linear fit were used to draw the standard curve. The LOD of this method was 1.36 ng/mL， and the standard curve shows good linearity in the concentration range of 5-1 215 ng/mL. In the actual sample spiked recovery experiment， the recovery rate was between 96% and 108%， and the intra-batch and inter-batch coefficient of variation were both less than 15%. For the sELISA of glycinin， 0.5 μg/mL 7D3 mAb was used as the capture antibody， and 4G4mAb-HRP was diluted 1∶1 000 as the detection antibody. The antigen and detection antibody were incubated for 120 min each， and the color development was for 15 min. A linear fit was used to draw the standard curve. The LOD of this method was 28.75 ng/mL， and the standard curve shows good linearity in the concentration range of 31.25-8 000 ng/mL. In the actual sample spiked recovery experiment， the recovery rate was between 90.3% and 107.2%， and the intra-batch and inter-batch coefficient of variation were both less than 15%， both two detection methods had no cross-reaction with other allergens， and the specificity was good.Conclusion The sELISA methods established are sensitive， rapid， accurate， and stable， and can be used for the detection of β-Conglycinin and glycinin in food.
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ZHOU Ronggui, KOU Jinchan, ZHANG Yonghong, LIN Ji
2025,37(4):327-332, DOI: 10.13590/j.cjfh.2025.04.004
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Objective To establish an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry（UPLC/Q-TOF-MS）method for rapid screening of toxic substances in Datura stramonium L..Methods After the samples were extracted by methanol， the liquid to be tested was separated on ACQUITY UPLC? BEH C18 column （2.1 mm×50 mm， 1.7 μm） with 0.01% formic acid water as mobile phase A and acetonitrile as mobile phase B. The sample volume was 2.0 μL， the column temperature was 35 ℃， and the flow rate was 0.2 μL/min. ESI positive ion mode collection， mass spectrometry with precise molecular weight and chromatographic peak retention time for qualitative analysis， ［M］+H as quantitative ion for quantitative analysis.Results The linear ranges were 1.0-200.0 μg/L with r2≥0. 990. The limits of detection were 1.00-2.24 ng/mL，and the limits of quantification were 0.27-7.46 ng/mL. The recoveries were in the range of 78%-89% and RSDs were ≤3.0%.The contents of scopolamine 0.65 mg/kg， anisodamine 0.66 mg/kg and hyoscyamine 0.72 mg/kg were detected in Datura stramonium L collected in the field. Scopolamine 0.004 8 mg/kg， anisodamine 0.041 mg/kg and hyoscyamine 0.16 mg/kg were detected in the liquor of Datura stramonium L. The target compounds were detected in different degrees in the blood and urine of the poisoned patients.Conclusion The UPLC/Q-TOF-MS established in the laboratory is fast， efficient and accurate， which is suitable for the qualitative and quantitative detection of toxic substances in the poisoning incidents of Datura stramonium L. Two poisonings were caused by consumption of Datura stramonium L.
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WU Nan, CAO Pei, WU Pinggu, LI Jianwen, ZHANG Lei, ZHOU Pingping
2025,37(4):333-338, DOI: 10.13590/j.cjfh.2025.04.005
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Objective To investigate the contamination characteristics of furan and methylfuran in imported canned food and to evaluate the dietary exposure risk of furan in Chinese population.Methods Based on convenient sampling method， 58 imported canned foods were collected in 2022， and the contents of furan were determined by isotope dilution headspace-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method. Combined with the food consumption of Chinese residents from 2018 to 2020， the risk of dietary exposure to furan in Chinese population was assessed by semi-quantitative assessment method.Results The detection rates of furan， 2-methylfuran and 3-methylfuran in canned meat products were 50%， 100% and 87.5%， and the corresponding average contents were 5.0， 10.8 and 3.6 μg/kg， respectively. In canned fish products， the detection rates of furan， 2-methylfuran， 3-methylfuran and 2，5-dimethylfuran were 100%， 100%， 100% and 6%， respectively， and the corresponding average contents were 37.4， 52.4， 11.1 and 2.5 μg/kg， respectively. The exposure of furan to canned food was 0.4 ng/（kg·BW·d） and the combined exposure of furan and methylfuran was 1.1 ng/（kg·BW·d） in the population over 3 years old. The average exposure of furan and P95 to canned food was 18.5 ng/（kg·BW·d） and 54.6 ng/（kg·BW·d） respectively. The average combined exposure level of furan and methylfuran was 52.4 ng/（kg·BW·d）， and the P95 exposure level was 150.8 ng/（kg·BW·d）. For the risk of non-carcinogenic effects of furan， the exposure boundary （MOE） values of all age groups ranged from 83 920 to 279 494. For the carcinogenic risk of furan， the MOE values of all age groups ranged from 1 717 733 to 5 720 890.Conclusion The health risk of furan exposure from imported canned food is low in Chinese population.
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XIAO Man, HU Chi, YANG Zhongcheng, MING Xiaoyan, MA Beibei, WANG Yeru
2025,37(4):339-347, DOI: 10.13590/j.cjfh.2025.04.006
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Objective To predict the risk of population morbidity by evaluating the contamination level of Listeria monocytogenes in commercially available fresh pork from the retail to the consumption stage and combining it with its cross-contamination of ready-to-eat food.Methods Based on the monitoring results in Hubei Province to determine the contamination level of Listeria monocytogenes in pork， a growth prediction model and a cross-contamination model were applied， and a Monte Carlo method was used for simulation and analysis to estimate the level of contamination of ready-to-eat foods by pork in the kitchen and to project the population health risk in combination with a dose-response model.Results The amount of Listeria monocytogenes transferred to ready-to-eat food by cross-contamination was 1.30 and 1.90 CFU for chilled and hot pork， respectively， which resulted in obtaining an annual probability of morbidity of 2.52×10-9-7.62×10-9 for susceptible population and 2.61×10-11-6.86×10-11 for non-susceptible population. The results of the sensitivity analyses showed that the treatment of of raw pork followed by preparation of ready-to-eat food， daily pork consumption， and initial contamination level of pork were the main factors affecting the risk of morbidity.Conclusion The probability of Listeria monocytogenes in commercially available pork in Hubei Province causing morbidity in residents is low. To further reduce the health risk to residents， it is recommended to reduce the contamination level of Listeria monocytogenes in pork at source and to guide residents to regulate household kitchen operation and cooking consumption habits， and reduce the cross-contamination in pork handling.
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SONG Zhenpeng, YUAN Rui, WANG Yecheng
2025,37(4):348-353, DOI: 10.13590/j.cjfh.2025.04.007
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Objective To understand the contamination status of aflatoxin in commercially available food in Huzhou City， and to provide data for the assessment of food safety risks in Huzhou City.Methods In 2023， five categories of food were randomly collected from large and medium-sized supermarkets and farmers’ markets in Huzhou City： cereals and their products ［rice， cornmeal （grits）， wheat flour］， vegetable oils （peanut oil， corn oil， soybean oil）， nuts and seeds （peanuts， sunflower seeds， pistachios）， condiments （soy sauce， vinegar， peanut butter， dried chili peppers）， and tea products （green tea， smoked bean tea）. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry （UHPLC-TQ-MS） was used to detect four types of aflatoxins.Results The five categories of food samples collected were all contaminated with aflatoxins to varying degrees， with an overall detection rate of 19.1%. The non-conforming rate for aflatoxin B1 was 1.190%. There was a statistically significant difference in the detection rate of aflatoxin B1 among different types of food （χ2=21.74， P<0.05）. There was also a statistically significant difference in the detection rate of aflatoxin B1 between bulk food and pre-packaged food （P<0.05）. Furthermore， the detection rate of aflatoxin B1 in bulk food collected from different sampling locations showed a statistically significant difference （P<0.05）. Upon further analysis of the detection data for bulk peanuts， there was a statistically significant difference in the detection rate of aflatoxin B1 between raw and cooked bulk peanuts produced in different years （χ2=37.98， P<0.05）.Conclusion Aflatoxin contamination is prevalent in commercially available food in Huzhou City， and the contamination status varies greatly among different food items. Overall， the aflatoxin levels remain at safe levels， but some samples， particularly peanuts and peanut products， as well as corn grits， pose a higher potential risk. Relevant departments should pay attention to this issue and strengthen monitoring and regulation to ensure the safety of commercially available food in Huzhou City.
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LIANG Shiyuan, CHEN Xiao, DONG Xiaoze, WANG Jun, SHAO Yi
2025,37(4):354-360, DOI: 10.13590/j.cjfh.2025.04.008
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Objective To explore the establishment of a food contaminants standards evaluation index system using the delphi method， and to provide certain reference basis for systematic evaluation and scientific improvement of food contaminant standards.Methods Explore the establishment an evaluation index system for food contaminants standards through literature research， telephone interviews， delphi method， etc.Results The evaluation index system of food contaminant standards was constructed initially， including 3 first-level indicators， 9 second-level indicators and 19 third-level indicators. The results of the expert consultation showed that the positive coefficient of the experts consultation was 100%， the coordination coefficient was 0.06-0.15， and the overall harmonization coefficient was 0.43， the difference was statistically significant by the chi-square test （P<0.01）.Conclusion The evaluation index system of food contaminants standards initially constructed in this research can provide a certain reference basis for the systematic evaluation of food contaminants standards， provide reference suggestions for the further improvement， and provide a certain reference for the evaluation of other food standards.
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TIAN Hongyun, LI Heng, LU Yuanhong, ZHANG Ran, WU Zhenzhen, HU Mei, HU Mingyan, WANG Jun
2025,37(4):361-366, DOI: 10.13590/j.cjfh.2025.04.009
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Our country implements the registration management to the special medicine food， the product formula design time raw material compliance use is the most important premise. The variety of raw materials involved in special medical purpose formula food is relatively large， and the corresponding standards and related regulations are relatively scattered， resulting in understanding and easy deviation in implementation by manufacturers， and the situation that products are not registered due to non-compliance of raw materials is relatively more during the registration and of products.In this paper， the current stage of our food raw material supervision of the relevant laws and regulations to sort out，at the same time， according to the requirements of registration and food safety standards for raw materials， the principles and basis for the use of raw materials for special medical food products， and the development of related standards were summarized and analyzed，the purpose is to provide guidance for the use of raw materials， promote the smooth implementation of product registration， and promote the high-quality development of our country’s specialty food industry.
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WANG Yidan, RUAN Guangfeng, ZHU Lei, CHU Yibing, XING Hang, ZHANG Hong
2025,37(4):367-372, DOI: 10.13590/j.cjfh.2025.04.010
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Objective To compare the management models for disinfected tableware （drinking utensils） in countries and regions such as the United States， Canada， Australia，European Union， Japan and China. Analyze the similarities and differences in the management models for disinfecting tableware （drinking utensils） among these countries to provide references and basis for the risk management of disinfected tableware （drinking utensils） in our country.Methods Collect laws， regulations and guidelines related to the disinfection disinfected tableware （drinking utensils） from various countries and regions， sort out and analyze the requirements for cleaning and disinfection procedures of disinfecting tableware （drinking utensils）， and compare the similarities and differences.Results All countries have standardized requirements for the cleaning and disinfection process of tableware（drinking utensils），as well as the use of disinfectants. Except for China， no other countries have set limits on microbiological and physicochemical indicators for disinfected tableware.Conclusion It is suggested to further improve the relevant standards for disinfected tableware （drinking utensils） in China， strengthen the promotion and improvement of standards for disinfected tableware （drinking utensils），enhance supervision and regulatory measures， and strengthen the awareness of corporate responsibility， in order to promote the healthy development of the catering service industry.
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PAN Feng, ZHANG Tongwei, ZHAO Fanglei, MAO Weifeng, LUAN Dechun, LI Jianwen
2025,37(4):373-381, DOI: 10.13590/j.cjfh.2025.04.011
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Objective To analyze the eating out of home behavior of adults in China and provide the scientific basis for nutrition and health policy.Methods Samples were chosen from China Food Consumption Survey from 2018 to 2020. A total of 34 462 participants aged 18 years old and above were included in the final analysis. The food frequency questionnaire and eating behavior questionnaire were used to collect eating out of home status in the past week. The differences in the rate of eating out of home and dining places， and dining out times among different groups of people were compare.Results The overall rate of eating out of home in the past week was 40.7% among adults in 2018—2020 in China. The rate of adult residents eating out of home for breakfast， lunch and dinner was 17.9%， 27.2% and 20.2%， respectively. The average number of eating out of home was 1.8 times. The proportion of adults who ate out 1-3 times/week， 4-6 times/week and 7 or more times/week in the past week were 21.8%， 8.9% and 10.0%， respectively. In the past week， the proportion of people who ate in hotels， restaurants and other places， stalls， and canteens of workplaces， schools and other places was higher， 22.3%， 16.4% and 12.2% respectively， while the proportion of people who ate in Chinese and Western fast-food restaurants and other food processing places was lower， 3.0% and 1.9% respectively. The percentage of people who ordered takeaway food was 4.2%. The rate of eating out of home and dining out times were higher among male， people aged 18-44， people with college education or above， professional and technical personnel， people with per capita household income of more than 100 000 yuan and people in big cities. The proportion of professional and technical personnel and business service personnel eating in hotels， restaurants and hotels was higher， and the proportion of school students and professional and technical personnel eating in the canteen of work units and schools was higher.Conclusion From 2018 to 2020， the phenomenon of Chinese adult residents eating out of home was relatively common， and the rate of people aged 18-44 and in big cities was higher. For different meals and dining places， the rate of people eating out of home for lunch was higher， and the rate of eating in hotels， restaurants and other places was higher.
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LI Ying, GAO Jing, YANG Yuhan, WANG Luotong, YAN Aixia, LIU Yuwei, PANG Bo
2025,37(4):382-388, DOI: 10.13590/j.cjfh.2025.04.012
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Objective Using different enrichment methods to isolation Vibrio parahaemolyticus （VP） from environmental samples for support source tracing of a congregative foodborne disease outbreak.Methods Collected the epidemiological data clinical information and multiple types samples of the foodborne disease outbreak. Real time PCR and bacterial culture were performed in the samples and whole genome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis were performed on the isolates.Results Seven VP isolates with O10：K4 serotype and tdh+ isolated from 7 samples （ included 4 patients and 3 environmental smear samples）， and the SNPs among the 7 VP isolates ranged from 0 to 5 based on the core genome single nucleotide polymorphisms （cgSNP） analysis. All environmental smear samples were negative for VP by real time PCR and culture method based on 3%NaCl Alkaline Peptone Water （APW） enhancement. But 3 environmental smear samples included E1， E2 and E6 were toxR+/tdh+ by real time PCR method after brain heart infusion broth （BHI） enhancement， and the Ct values of toxR and tdh of E1 and E2 were >30. Then add the BHI broth enriched of E1 and E2 to 3%NaCl APW for second cultured， respectively， and the Ct values of toxR and tdh of E1 and E2 were <30 by real time PCR. Finally， VP isolate were obtained from E1，E2 and E6， respectively.Conclusion Using different bacterial enrichment methods and finally successfully to isolated VP in 3 environmental smear samples， afterwards the source tracing for a congregative foodborne disease outbreak caused by VP was successfully completed. Meanwhile， this study suggests that further in-depth research is needed on effective enrichment methods for VP in environmental smear samples.
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WANG Guo, LI Huzhong, CAO Chongjiang, LIU Sana, DUAN Xiaosa, FANG Haiqin
2025,37(4):389-400, DOI: 10.13590/j.cjfh.2025.04.013
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Human milk oligosaccharides （HMOs） are the key bioactive components in breast milk， which have multiple functions such as promoting brain development， regulating immune system and maintaining intestinal health. With the in-depth study of the role of breast milk oligosaccharides， especially the discovery of oligosaccharides such as 2’-FL， its application in infant and young children’s formula milk powder （intended for ages 1 to 3 years） and other functional foods has gradually increased. This paper briefly describes the main synthetic methods of HMOs in vitro and their physiological functions. It focuses on the global registration and approval status of HMOs in infant and young children formula foods， compares regulatory， policy， and application differences in countries such as the United States， the European Union， Australia， New Zealand and China， and looks forward to the future technological innovation and market development trends. This review aims to provide a reference for the global promotion of HMOs and promote the related technical research and industrialization process.
Volume 37,2025 Issue 4
Expert Review
Study Reports
Experimental Technique and Method
Risk Assessment
Risk Monitoring
Food Safety Standard and Administration
Applied Nutrition
Foodborn Disease
Review
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Etiological characteristics and antimicrobial resistance of Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains causing five foodborne disease outbreaks in Shaoxing
zhang Qinchao, He Qinfen, Chen Jiming, Jiang Zhuojing, Zhou Liangkang, Tang Shijie
Abstract:
Abstract Objective To characterize the etiological characteristics, molecular epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance of Vibrio parahaemolyticus from outbreaks cases in Shaoxing City from 2022 to 2023. Methods The Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains were isolated from five outbreak events from 2022 to 2023. Serotyping, molecular typing, drug resistance testing, virulence gene detection and bioinformatics analysis were performed by slide agglutination, pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), broth microdilution, multiple fluorescent PCR and whole genome sequencing methods. Results The 36 strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus were isolated from 1 leftover dinner ingredient, 2 kitchen swabs (cloth and cutting board) and 33 clinical anal swabs associated with outbreak. These isolates comprised ten different serotypes, with O10:K4 being the predominant one. All strains were divided into 11 band types, and the main PFGE type was S2. Among these strains, higher rates of resistance to cefazolin (36/36), Ampicillin (9/36), streptomycin (2/36) were found. All strains were positive for tlh and negative for trh. The 31clinical isolates and 1 environmental isolate carried tdh gene. 4 known ST types, 2 new ST types and 23 core genome MLST(cgMLST) types were identified by sequence analysis. Thirty-four strains carried the resistant gene, mainly blaCARB-22. Conclusion Five foodborne disease outbreaks caused by Vibrio parahaemolyticus were occured in Shaoxing from 2022 to 2023. O10:K4 was the predominant serotypes of outbreaks. The isolates were all resistant to cefazolin. There is a high homogeneity between the strains of different outbreaks, indicating persistent sources of contamination ignored by traditional methods. It is necessary to strengthen the tracing and epidemiological investigation of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in this region.
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Pollution status and dietary exposure assessment of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in animal-derived food sold in Hunan Province
LIU Fengjiao, FAN Ke, LIN Yongtao, ZENG Xiaoyuan, XIE Chaomei, LI Zhaomin, LIU Sunian
Abstract:
Objective To investigation and analysis the pollution status and dietary exposure risk of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances in animal-derived foods sold in Hunan Province. Methods From 2023 to 2024，a total of 266 samples of animal-derived foods including aquatic products、livestock meat、eggs、dairy products were randomly collected in Hunan Province. The content of 23 types of PFASs in the samples was determined by UPLC-MS/MS，and the dietary exposure of PFASs in animal derived foods was evaluated by the method of point estimation. Results 17 types of PFASs were detected in 202 samples，with a total detection rate of 75.9%. The overall detection rates of various types of food were ranked from high to low as follows: aquatic products (100%)>eggs (91.6%)> livestock meat (80.5%)>dairy products (24.2%)，and the difference was statistically significant (χ2=94.69, P<0.005)；the content range of 23 PFASs was <0.01~8.17ng/g，with the highest average PFOS content in aquatic products being 0.42ng/g，the HR evaluated by PFOA、PFOS、and PFBA monomers in various types of food was all less than 1. Conclusion The contamination of PFASs in animal derived food sold in Hunan Province was relatively common，but the degree of contaminationwais relatively light, and the impact on residents"" health was limited.
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ZOU Zhi-fei, PU Min, LI Jian-jun, CHEN Yong-hong
2010,22(2):112-120, DOI:
Abstract:
Food color was divided into three categories,that was tar pigments, natural pigments and others. Edible tar pigment was classified to azo, triarylmethane, xanthene, fluorescent ketone, quinoline derivatives and indigo dye, and natural pigment was classified to tetrapyrroles (porphyrins) derivatives, isoprene derivatives, anthocyanin derivatives, ketone derivatives, quinone derivatives and the others according to their chemical structure.There are INS,E-number,C.I and the code about synthetic pigment in some countries in food color.The regulations and the use varieties about food color of China, CAC, Russia, EU, US, Canada, Japan, Hong Kong , Macao and China Taiwan was introduced respectively. Comparison analysis about differences in formulation of food additicve standard, prohibition about colour variety, attitude about usage of edible tar colour, and colour variety (tar colur,natural colour and others),scope and limits about color usage were performed with comparative analysis. Color usage in the produce of export food in accordance with standard of destination , focus on variety and limit of colour in import food according to their sources was proposed, and trends about usage of food color was Prospect ed also.
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Wang Huali, Zhang Jiyue, Zhang Jianbo
2011,23(6):571-575, DOI:
Abstract:
According to The Law of Food Safety,the related requirements of the State Council and the Ministry of Public Health,and the program of systemic revision of national food safety standards,the Hygienic Standards for the Use of Food Additives(GB 2760—2007) was revised by the National Institute of Nutrition and Food safety of China CDC in 2011.The revised parts are mainly on the regulations of using food additives,food processing aids and flavorings.The revision of the National food safety standard-...
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2004(4), DOI:
Abstract:
The comparative study was conducted on the regulations and standards in related with health food or health claim control in the countries or regions of Chinese Mainland, Australia, European Union, Japan, USA and Chinese Taipei, taking Codex Alimentarius Commission as reference. The analysis is focus on the similarities and differences on the part of the definition, legal status, the requirements for product composition and form and the procedure of safety and functional evaluation among these countries or regions, in an attempt to find out the background information and scientific evidence for the relevant regulations and standards. The administration patterns of health food or health claim by the authorities of individual countries or regions, i.e. whether it is a pre-market approval system or a preview (pre-market registered) system, been elaborated and analyzed. To the improvement of health food control system in China, some proposals and recommendations were made based on the analysis of the merits and defects thereof, and technical evidence was provided for the international coordination in the future.
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HE Qing-hua, WU Yong-ning, YIN Yu-long
2007(5), DOI:
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If over-dose biogenic amines were eaten, it may have deleterious impacts on human and animals. To illustrate the effects of biogenic amines in food on human, the source, influential factors, metabolism and toxicological research of biogenic amines were briefly reviewed.
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ZHANG Xi-meng, ZENG Jing, WEI Hai-yan, FU Pu-bo, HAN Xiao
2013,25(4):320-323, DOI:
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To investigate antibiotic resistance of Cronobacter sakazakii isolated from imported dairy products. Methods100strains of Cronobacter sakazakii were tested for antibiotic susceptibility by disk diffusion recommended by the National Committee of Clinical laboratory Standard. Results All strains were sensitive to Mezlocillin, Imipenem, Meropenem, Gentamicin, Amikacin, Kanamycin, Tobramycin, Chloramphenicol, Cefepime, Cefoperazone, Cefotaxime Sodium, Ceftazidime, Pentahydrate, Ciprofloxacin and Norfloxacin, while resistant to Proctaphlin Sodium. The ratio of resistant strains to Ampicillin, Cefalotin, Cefazolin Sodium, Sodium and Tetracycline was 65%, 17%, 3% and 2%, respectively. The ratio of intermediate resistant strains to Ampicillin, Cefazolin Sodium, Cefalotin Sodium, Ceftriaxone Sodium, Tetracycline was 25%, 23%, 6%, 2% and 1% respectively. 13strains were multiresistant to 3kinds of antibiotics and 4strain was multiresistant. ConclusionCronobacter sakazakii strains isolated from imported dairy products were susceptible to most of the tested antibiotics, but resistance were increasing. In this study, All drug resistant strains to oxacillin. Hereby, the issue of Cronobacter sakazakii multiresistance should arouse abroad attention worldwide.
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2011,23(1):13-16, DOI:
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The result of food safety risk assessment is the scientific basis for formulating the food safety standards and for exercising food safety supervision and administration. To exert the effects of food safety risk assessment in supervision and administration, some countries established specific agencies for food safety risk assessment, as well as in China with National Food Safety Risk Assessment Expert Committee. Despite that there is still a long way to go for China in food safety risk assessment compared to developed countries, the technologies applied in formulating food safety standards, handling of food safety accidents and risk communications exerted significant effect. However, we still need to promote constructions building in system of food safety risk assessment from the aspects of organizations, capacities and technologies in risk assessment and human resources considering the situation of food safety and needs of food safety supervision.
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2012,24(5):438-440, DOI:
Abstract:
目的优选QuEChERS方法中黄瓜拟除虫菊酯类农药残留净化剂的最佳组合。方法采用正交实验法,以农药加标回收率(气相色谱法)为指标,考察净化剂PSA(N-丙基乙二胺)、C18(C18烷基-硅胶)、GCB(石墨化炭黑)三因素的影响。结果重复试验表明,10 g黄瓜2 ml定容液净化剂的最佳组合是A2B1C2,即0.075 g PSA,0.025 g C18,0.050 g GCB。结论正交试验法用于优选蔬菜中农药残留检测的QuEChERS净化剂组合,既可节省试剂,又能满足检测需要。
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LEI Xiaoling, ZENG Shaokui, JIANG Zhihong, ZHANG Chaohua, WU Hongmian
2005(1), DOI:
Abstract:
The microbe change in export frozen shrimp(shrimp meat,headless shrimp)at different stages of processing was reported.The bacterial contamination of utensils,equipment environment was checked.The results demonstrated that the aerobic plate counts of export frozen shrimp generally were up to the standard.Coliforms sometimes exceed the standard.Pathogens were not detected.Aerobic plate counts of utensils and equipment often go beyond the standard.
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ZHOU Su-juan, , , WAN Chao, BAI Hong
2010,22(2):143-146, DOI:
Abstract:
Objectives To investigate the current status of single raw material health foods registration in China. Methods The registration of 419 single raw material health foods from the State Food and Drug Administration (SFDA) in the period of 2003-2007 were studied and analyzed, including the registration number, function claims, material categories and active ingredients, etc. Results The number of single raw material health foods accounted for 13.1% of total registered functional foods in this period. Half of the function claims were enhancing immune function. The active ingredients were nonspecific. The most common ingredients were polysaccharide, total saponins and total flavonoid. The chief categories of component were traditional Chinese material, foodstuff, edible fungi and algae. Conclusions The use of extracted materials might bring potential quality and safety issues because of no unified standards and processing technique. It is necessary to standardize management for extracted materials urgently. Take the single raw material products as a trial to seek a simplified mode for the registration and management of health foods.
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2004(5), DOI:
Abstract:
The comparative study was conducted on the regulations and standards in related with health food or health claim control in the countries or regions of Chinese Mainland, Australia, European Union, Japan, USA and Chinese Taiwan, taking Codex Alimentarius Commission as reference. The analysis is focus on the similarities and differences on the part of the definition, legal status, the requirements for product composition and form and the procedure of safety and functional evaluation among these countries or regions, in an attempt to find out the background information and scientific evidence for the relevant regulations and standards. The administration patterns of health food or health claim by the authorities of individual countries or regions, i.e. whether it is a pre market approval system or a preview (pre market registered) system, have been elaborated and analyzed in this tert. To the improvement of health food control system in China, some proposals and recommendations were made based on the analysis of the merits and defects thereof, and technical evidence was provided for the international coordination in the future.
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ZHANG Wen-zhong, LI Ning, LI Rong
2008(3), DOI:
Abstract:
目的探索反式白藜芦醇经口摄入后，在体内的雌激素作用和剂量一反应关系。方法选用19日龄未成年大鼠做子宫增重试验，分别经灌胃给予0．1、0．3、0．6和1．0g／kgBW的白藜芦醇，以3．0p∥kgBW的雌二醇为阳性对照，并设立水和油的阴性对照组，所有剂量组连续灌胃3d。实验结束称量子宫的湿重和干重，对卵巢、子宫和阴道进行组织病理学检查，并测量子宫内膜上皮细胞高度。结果和对照组比较，白藜芦醇对子宫重量无影响；组织病理学结果显示，1．0g／kgBW白藜芦醇剂量组的子宫轻度增生，0．3、0．6和1．0g／kgBW白藜芦醇剂量组的阴道轻度增生，无剂量-反应关系；受试物组子宫内膜上皮细胞高度无明显变化。结论白藜芦醇经口摄入时雌激素作用较弱，且无剂量-反应关系。
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SUN Yan-bin, SUN Ting, DONG Shu-xiang, LI Shi-kai, ZHONG Qing, ZHANG Jun
2015,27(4):441-446, DOI: 10.13590/j.cjfh.2015.04.020
Abstract:
To understand the distribution characteristics of heavy metal contamination in dairy products, and to evaluate the status and the extent of heavy metal contamination.Methods The contents of Pb, total-Hg, Cd, Cr and total-As in raw milk, fermented milk, sterilized milk, infant formula and milk powder during 2012-2013 were detected. Single factor contamination index method and comprehensive contamination index method of Nemerow were used to evaluate the contamination level according to the grading standard of agriculture product quality. Results The detection rate of Pb, total-As, total-Hg, Cd and Cr were 14.0%(21/150), 24.7%(37/150), 82.0%(109/133), 26.3%(35/133)and 72.9%(43/59) in dairy products, respectively. Pb in raw milk and Cd in sterilized milk were not detected. The mean, P75 and P95 of total-Hg in raw milk were higher than the limit. The P95 of total-Hg in fermented milk and sterilized milk and Cd in milk powder were higher than the limit. The detection rate and single factor contamination index of total-Hg were the highest in raw milk, fermented milk and sterilized milk, which indicated there was severe contamination in the raw milk(PHg>1) and mild contamination in fermented milk (PHg>0.6). The detection rate of Cr was the highest in infant formula and milk powder, while single factor contamination index of Cd was the highest. The heavy metal contamination in raw milk ranked the first with Pn=0.754, reaching mild level of contamination. The heavy metal contamination in dairy products could be lined in a decreasing order of raw milk, fermented milk, sterilized milk, milk powder and infant formula.Conclusion Four kinds of dairy products were at the safe level of heavy metal contamination. Total-Hg was the dominant heavy metal contamination in liquid milk, while Cd in solid milk. Single factor contamination index and comprehensive contamination index of total-Hg in raw milk indicated that measures should be taken to prevent the contamination.
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2007(4), DOI:
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To accurately understand the inorganic arsenic origin in seafoods and scientifically appraise the quality of seafood products, some problems on arsenic chemical and speciation form, background value, inorganic arsenic and determination of arsenic in marine organisms were discussed. References were provided for determination of inorganic arsenic in seafoods.
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ZHANG Li-wei, ZHAO Hong-jing, BAI Hong, WAN Chao
2008(3), DOI:
Abstract:
目的总结我国保健食品法律、法规、标准体系发展历史与现状，为未来发展提供建议。方法系统收集我国自1995年《中华人民共和国食品卫生法》首次赋予保健食品法律地位以来有关保健食品生产、销售、流通、监管环节的法律法规，进行纵向与横向的比较分析。结果从管理角度讲，我国保健食品经历了《保健食品管理办法》及《保健食品注册管理办法》两个时期，经历了一个逐步发展完善的过程，在立法过程中体现了“公平、公正、便民、高效和救济”等法制理念的不断进步。现在，我国保健食品法律、法规、标准在产品生产、市场、监控、评估4个方面基本形成了体系，并在新功能、新原料开发方面采取了更为开放的姿态。结论今后我国应加强技术性法规标准的建设，完善《保健食品注册管理办法》相应配套办法，进一步理顺各部门食品安全监管职能，明确责任，注重部门规章的衔接，进一步以法律、法规、标准体系建设整顿市场秩序，引导保健食品行业健康有序地发展。
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Gan Binbin, Liu Zhanhua, Li Shaohao
2011,23(6):531-533, DOI:
Abstract:
Objective To establish a method for the determination of glucosamine hydrochloride in health food by HPLC.Methods Samples were extracted ultrasonically with water and separated on a CAPCELLPAKCR column(4.6 mm×150 mm,5 μm);the mobile phase consisted of 25 mmol ammonium acetate+acetonitrile(in 0.1% formic acid)(25+75,V/V).The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min;the detection wavelength was 200 nm.Results The standard curve of glucosamine hydrochloride was linear over the range in 0.2~26.0 μg(r=0.999 982).The...
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2011,23(5):472-477, DOI:
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As indicator organisms,standards for aerobic plate count,coliforms,Escherichia coli,enterobacteriaceae applied in each country were different.Based on the comparison and analysis of microbiological criteria of foods in Australia,New Zealand,European Communities,Canada and Hong Kong,recommendations and technical basis for the elaboration of general microbiological criteria of China’s national food safety standards were provided. 更多还原
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2012,24(5):474-478, DOI:
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Based on the analysis of microbiological criteria for ready-to-eat foods in Codex Alimentarius Commission,the European Union,Australia,New Zealand,England and HongKong China,the article provides recommendations for the elaboration of microbiological criteria of Chinese national food standard.
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ZHANG Lei, ZHAO Yun-feng, ZHENG Hong-guo, ZHANG Lei, LIU Xiao, ZHAO Yun-feng, MOU Shi-fen, ZHENG Hong-guo, WU Yong-ning
2008(4), DOI:
Abstract:
目的建立同时测定食品中硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐的离子色谱方法。方法采用超声提取、固相萃取柱净化的方法对试样进行前处理，高容量阴离子交换色谱枉分离，抑制型电导检测器检测。结果亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐的检出限分别为0.005mg／L和0.008mg／L。回收率均在80％以上，RSD小于10％。结论该方法简便快捷、准确可靠，适用于多种食品基质中亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐的分析。
