The use of ATP fluorescence bioassay in the surveillance of food safety was introduced.Using this technique,microbial contamination on food and food-producing facilities can be detected immediately and quantitatively on the spot,although the species of the contamination organism can not be specifically identified as the plate culture in laboratory can do.The traders may clearly understand the problem of the foods they are selling and the necessity of correction.The workload of surveillance and laboratory analysis may also be greatly reduced and simplified.This technique may be used at the critical points of the HACCP system.